Germination of spores of the genus Bacillus can be stimulated by heat, L-alanine, or manganese. The reversal of L-alanine stimulation by D-alanine (Hills, 1950) appears to be specific and, in the present study, affords a tool for the exploration of the mechanisms and interrelations among heat, manganese and L-alanine stimulations. The heat stimulation of bacterial spore germination has long bee...

The role of spore dispersal mutualism remains equivocal in many fungus-insect assemblages. We tested experimentally whether an obligate spore-feeding beetle Zearagytodes maculifer has a mutualistic relationship with its host bracket fungus Ganoderma cf. applanatum via spore dispersal. We asked three specific questions: (1) whether or not Ganoderma spore germination rate is increased via beetle ...

The germination behaviors of spores of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, which has been considered to be a causative microorganism of flat sour type spoilage in acidic beverages, were investigated. The spores of A. acidoterrestris showed efficient germination and outgrowth after heat activation (80 degrees C, 20 min) in Potato dextrose medium (pH 4.0). Further, the spores treated with heat acti...

Spore-forming bacteria are a special problem for the food industry as some of them are able to survive preservation processes. Bacillus spp. spores can remain in a dormant, stress resistant state for a long period of time. Vegetative cells are formed by germination of spores followed by a more extended outgrowth phase. Spore germination and outgrowth progression are often very heterogeneous and...

Essential oils have antifungal and antipathogenic effects and therefore are targets in plant pathology research for their potential uses as natural substitutes for inorganic plant pesticides. Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, can endophytically colonize a vast number of plant species and trigger induced systemic resistance against plant pathogens. Spore germination is the most vul...

Nine derivatives 6-14 of carabrone (1) were synthesized and tested in vitro against Colletotrichum lagenarium Ell et Halst using the spore germination method. Among all of the derivatives, compounds 6-8 and 12 showed more potent antifungal activity than 1. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) demonstrated that the γ-lactone was necessary for the antifungal activity of 1, and the substituents ...

Uredospores of Puccinia graminis (Pers.) tritici (Eriks. and Henn.) were uniformly labeled with (14)C by permitting the host (Triticum aestivum L.) to carry out photosynthesis in (14)CO(2) during the process of spore production by the obligate parasite. The use of (14)C labeled spores provided advantages in a study of the utilization of endogenous substrates at frequent intervals with small amo...

salmonella is a gram-negative, non-spore forming facultative anaerobic, motile bacilli. in developing countries, non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) accounts for the steadily increase in the proportion of human infections in recent decades. the clinical presentations of non-typhoidal salmonella infection are protean, including gastroenteritis (the most common one), bacteremia, septic arthritis, oste...

We report on the elucidation of two separate pathways of spore germination in a plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene. Conidia of the fungus can germinate either from one side or from both sides, depending on external conditions. In shake culture that includes an extract made up from fresh peas, the unicellular conidium divides and one of the two cells devel...

The fungicide benomyl inhibited spore germination and hyphal length of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae when applied at doses of 21.25 microg/ml (agronomic dose), 10.62 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml. G. mosseae was able to germinate in the presence of 2.12 microg/ml of benomyl, and the percentage of spore germination was unaffected by dosis of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 microg/ml of the f...