From the Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701; the Upstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York; the Barbara Kopp Research Center, Auburn, New York 13021; the DNA Recombinant Research Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, ...

William J. Steinbach, David A. Stevens, David W. Denning, and Richard B. Moss Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and Duke University Mycology Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, and Division of ...

Rafina Khateeb, MD, Tejal Gandhi, MD, Gurpreet Dhaliwal, MD Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California S...

the field of vaccinology provides excellent promises to control different infectious and non-infectious diseases. genetic immunization as a new tool in this area by using naked dna has been shown to induce humoral as well as cellular immune responses with high efficiency. this demonstrates the enormous potential of this strategy for vaccination purposes. dna vaccines have been widely used to de...

conclusions the prevalence of anti-hbc among the elderly in the city of tubarão was higher than in previous studies evaluating blood donors in the same region. despite the association of previous hbv infection and factors indirectly related to sexual risk behaviors, the results suggest the involvement of invasive therapeutic procedures in the hbv transmission chain. patients and methods this cr...

evidence acquisition a wide variety of treatment regimens exist for acne vulgaris including benzoil peroxide, retinoids, isotretinoids, keratolytic soaps, alpha hydroxy acids, azelaic acid, salicilic acid as well as hormonal, anti-androgen or antiseborrheic treatments. however, none of these methods is free of side effects and their exact role in therapy is not clear. in this paper apart from p...

the pathogenicity of a recent isolate of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), ir499, isolated from a nonvaccinated flock with 17.5 % mortality rate in susceptible spf chickens, chickens embryos and broilers was discussed. the molecular characterization of the virus based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pattern was also investigated. the mortality rates were 85% and 22%...

infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). this study was conducted to characterize three ibdv strains from iran. a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure was used to amplify a 715-bp fragment of the vp1 gene from ibdv strains. amplified vp1 fragments of the three iranian ibdv strai...

Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality, and costs of health care. Prevention of the emergence of resistance and the dissemination of resistant microorganisms will reduce these adverse effects and their attendant costs. Appropriate antimicrobial stewardship that includes optimal selection, dose, and duration of treatment, as well as control of antibiotic use, will pre...

1 Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institu...