Understanding the basic runoff processes in the Ethiopian highlands is vital for effective management and utilization of water resources and soil conservation planning. An important question for judging effectiveness of conservation practices is whether runoff is affected by ecology (mainly type of crop) or topography (landscape). A study was conducted in the 113 ha watershed of Maybar, located...

In pure water a hydrothermally treated zeolite Y is hydrophilic, while with the addition of an electrolyte it can no longer be soaked up spontaneously. The effective degree of hydrophobicity increases with the ion concentration, which is reflected by the increase in infiltration pressure. The pressure-induced infiltration behavior is not only determined by the cations, but also highly dependent...

AIM Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of periodontitis. As molecular hydrogen can act as a scavenger of ROS, we examined the effects of treatment with hydrogen-rich water on a rat model of periodontitis. MATERIAL & METHODS A ligature was placed around the maxillary molars for 4 weeks to induce periodontitis, and the animals were given drinking water with or without h...

We describe a new technique for thoracoscopic pleurectomy for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. This is performed by percutaneous subpleural infiltration of 0.9% saline solution from the second to the seventh or eighth intercostal space, the so-called water pleurectomy. The extrapleural infiltration allows gentle separation of the parietal pleura by the division of its natural adherenc...

with estimates increasing as much as a factor of 20 when the scale of measurement increased from 0.1 to 2 m (e.g., Estimates of saturated and unsaturated water flow in soil are imporGarbesi et al., 1996; Tidwell and Wilson, 1999). tant for predictions of infiltration, runoff, and solute transport. PreviMeasurement bias related to sample size has someous research indicates that ponded infiltrati...

The soil mantle in Namaqualand is immature in terms of weathering. Despite or even because of this, the diversity and spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties is exceptionally high and could be fundamental in governing biodiversity and ecosystem function. In arid landscapes, the way the soil sheds, admits, stores, diverts and transmits water is crucially important. Namaquala...