The historical and ongoing lead (Pb) contamination caused by the 20th-century use of leaded gasoline was investigated by an analysis of bottom sediment in eight small rural reservoirs in eastern Kansas, USA. For the reservoirs that were completed before or during the period of maximum Pb emissions from vehicles (i.e., the 1940s through the early 1980s) and that had a major highway in the basin,...

a r t i c l e i n f o The existence of vugs or cavities in naturally fractured reservoirs has long been observed. Even though these vugs are known for their large attribution to reserves of oil, natural gas, or groundwater, few quantitative investigations of fractured vuggy reservoirs have been conducted. In this paper, a multiple-continuum conceptual model is presented, based on geological dat...

Water-flooded oil reservoirs have specific ecological environments due to continual water injection and oil production and water recycling. Using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, the microbial communities present in injected waters and produced waters from four typical water-flooded oil reservoirs with different in situ temperatures of 25 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C and 70 °C were examined. The resul...

The Iran Water Resources Management Company constructs many dams to control surface water that provide a new potential for aquaculture activities. Trophic status index and natural potential for fish production were investigated in nine small dam reservoirs from northwest of Iran. Prediction of fish productivity was calculated based on phytoplankton biomass (using chlorophyll a concentration in ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The long-lived viral reservoir is a major obstacle to achieving a cure for HIV. Therapeutic strategies, such as early antiretroviral therapy (ART), may be a prerequisite to achieving long-term control of viral replication upon ART withdrawal. RECENT FINDINGS HIV persistence is established early in acute HIV infection (AHI) with infection in long-lived memory CD4⁺ T cells. St...

Introduction: Ommaya reservoirs are indicated for administration of intrathecal chemotherapy in the setting of leptomeningeal disease. The standard approach for insertion is a burr hole overlying the frontal horn with fixation of the device flange to the periosteum of the skull for stabilization. However, the dome of the Ommaya using this technique can create a cosmetically unacceptable result ...

The maximum power processes of multi-source endoreversible engines with stationary temperature reservoirs are investigated. We prove that the optimal solution is always time independent with a single hot and a cold engine contact temperature. The heat reservoirs fall into three groups: the hot reservoirs which are connected at all times for heat delivery, the cold reservoirs which are connected...

The article presents the results of analyses of changes in the number of ponds in the Wyskoć catchment basin carried out in the years 1980–2003 and the characteristics of ponds excavated in that period. Only water reservoirs of an area less than 2 ha were considered. Analyses were based on topographic maps in the scale of 1:10 000 and aerial photographs taken in 1996. The results indicated that...

Pipe systems are often used to transfer moderate to medium water volumes between reservoirs or from well fields to consumers. Such systems consisting of an arbitrary number of reservoirs or other types of sources and sinks are considered here. The Lagrangean optimization principle is used for the determination of all pipe diameters giving minimum total cost of the system, when the individual di...