The growing importance of online social networks provides fertile ground for researchers seeking to gain a deeper understanding of fundamental constructs of human behavior, such as trust and forgiveness, and their linkage to social ties. Through a field experiment that uses data from the Facebook API to measure social ties that connect our subjects, we separate forward-looking instrumental trus...

AIM To examine the association of social ties and income with self reported health, in order to investigate if social ties have a greater impact on the health of people on low incomes compared to those financially better off. METHODS A nationally representative cross-sectional study of 5205 French adults using data from questionnaires which asked about health, income and relationships with fa...

In response to health problems, individuals may strategically activate their social network ties to help manage crisis and uncertainty. While it is well-established that social relationships provide a crucial safety net, little is known about who is chosen to help during an episode of illness. Guided by the Network Episode Model, two aspects of consulting others in the face of mental illness ar...

Essay 1: To replicate an industrial revolution: from exogenous to endogenous growth In the last quarter of the second millennium many countries experienced, simultaneously, an industrial revolution (an exponential increase in the income per capita) and a demographic transition (an increase first and a decrease later of the population growth rate). How do we account for these facts? Following Lu...

as long as the government in the concept of urban management plays the role of “direct provider” instead of “facilitator” to improve the life’s welfare level and provide a situation for poor societies and particularly informal settlements, its sole result is the increase in the number of open mouths that their dependence on government enlarges per day. therefore the investigation of different g...

Informal knowledge transfer among individuals is a crucial section of organization knowledge management. Informal knowledge transfer among individuals exists in the social relationships. After summarizing the theories of knowledge management, this paper proposed that knowledge transfer opportunities, motives and capacity are the decisive influential factors to informal knowledge transfer among ...

Kazakhstan has ranked consistently poorly on measures of property rights protection, and rule of law more generally (Heritage Foundation, 2015). Echoing these evaluations, existing literature emphasizes the degree to which informal institutions shape property relations in personalist, authoritarian regimes, including Kazakhstan; the expectation is that formal institutions like law and courts fa...

the old parts of the iranian cities, which have survived over the past few decades, are now suffering degradation due to the long-term lack of maintenance and conservation. based on the comprehensive approach to urban planning, despite the high social potentials of some of these deteriorated areas, in order to improve their physical quality; complete demolition is the ultimate suggested solutio...