STUDY QUESTION Do injectable and oral contraceptives increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in women? SUMMARY ANSWER After adjusting for confounders, evidence of a significantly increased risk of HIV remained for women using injectable depo-medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (1.06-2.08)) but not for injectable norethisterone-e...

background: sexual affairs are one of the physiological needs affecting human health. sexual functioning disorders can reduce individual’s capabilities and creativities. sexual relations are in the center of women’s quality of life. the most important family planning is to prevent unintended pregnancies. injectable contraceptives protect women exposed to many complications and mortality due to ...

OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore University of Ghana Business School diploma student's knowledge of contraceptives, types of contraceptives, attitudes towards contraceptive users, preference for contraceptives, benefits, and side-effects of contraceptives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was conducted with three sets of focus group discussions. Participants were systematically sampled from a...

BACKGROUND Perceptions of female teenagers in the Tshwane District contribute to the nonuseand or discontinued use of contraceptives as evidenced by increased levels of unplanned pregnancies. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of female teenagers in the Tshwane District on the use of contraceptives. METHODS A qualitative, explorative, descripti...

Public Citizen, representing more than 100,000 consumers nationwide, hereby petitlons the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 21 U.S.C. Section 355(e)(3), and 2 1 C.F.R. 10.30, to immediately ban the third generation oral contraceptives containing desogestrel due to the approximately doubled risk of venous thrombosis (30 cases for every 100,000...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of venous thrombosis in women taking third-generation oral contraceptives, ie, those containing the progestogens desogestrel or gestodene. This study assesses the risk of ischemic stroke with several types of oral contraceptives. METHODS A multicenter, population-based, case-control study was performed in 9 Dutch cent...

PURPOSE To estimate the number of venous thromboembolic events and related-premature mortality (including immediate in-hospital lethality) attributable to the use of combined oral contraceptives in women aged 15 to 49 years-old between 2000 and 2011 in France. METHODS French data on sales of combined oral contraceptives and on contraception behaviours from two national surveys conducted in 20...

Patients with ESRD commonly experience secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition primarily managed with activated injectable vitamin D. The biologic effects of vitamin D, however, are widespread, and it is possible that activated injectable vitamin D alters survival in ESRD. This hypothesis was tested in a historical cohort study of incident hemodialysis patients who lived throughout the Unite...