The existence of aquatic weeds in waterways causes several major problems. Some of them are the obstruction of water flow and navigation, island formation, increase of water losses due to evapotranspiration, and difficulty of water arrival to canal ends. This paper aims to discuss the resulting velocity profile changes due to aquatic weeds. Also, it examines the effect of such weeds on the chan...

The river Rhine is one of Europe’s busiest waterways and part the Rhine-Alpine corridor. In 2018 experienced a severe low discharge extreme. This impacted river’s transport capacity for period several months, causing shortages source materials fuels in regions far in-land. Historically, prolonged droughts this magnitude are not uncommon. Concerns have been raised, however, that climate change m...

Figure 20. Approximate distribution of killer whales in the eastern North Pacific (shaded area). The distribution of the Eastern North Pacific Northern Resident and Transient stocks are largely overlapping (see text). STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Killer whales have been observed in all oceans and seas of the world (Leatherwood and Dahlheim 1978). Although reported from tropical and off...

The coastal meteorology of southeastern Alaska frequently consists of intense orographically enhanced winds. Inland cold pools develop as air cools over the interior and accelerates downs the terrain, resulting in strong winds manifested as gap and channel flows, and downslope windstorms depending on the location and synoptic situation. The latter are locally known as “Taku” windstorms (Dierkin...

Lightweight ice-class vessels offer the possibility of increasing payload capacity while making them comparable in energy consumption with non-ice-class during ice-free periods. We approach development a lightweight hull by dividing ice–hull interactions into quasi-static loading and impact phases. Then, investigative outcomes concepts for each phase may be combined to develop ice-going hull. I...