It has been known that polarimetric radar can discriminate biological and meteorological scatterers. Furthermore, Zrnic and Ryzhkov (1998) have shown that the polarimetric properties of small Rayleigh scatterers like insects and large non-Rayleigh scatterers like birds are significantly different. Vaughn (1985) has stated that prolate spherical water drops are a better model of birds and insect...

We prepared a consolidated list of edible and therapeutic insects used in Arunachal Pradesh (N.E. India) by two tribal societies (i.e., the Nyishi of East Kameng and the Galo of West Siang). The list is based on thorough, semi-structured field-interviews with 20 informants of each tribal group. At least 81 species of local insects, belonging to 26 families and five orders of insects, namely Col...

1 Root-feeding insects are now considered to play a greater role in ecosystem processes than previously thought, yet little is known about their specific interactions with host plants compared with above-ground insect herbivores. Methodological difficulties associated with studying these insects in the soil, together with the lack of empirical and theoretical frameworks, have conventionally hin...

abstract since amphibians feeds on insects, they have crucial role in controlling the population of pests in various ecosystems. although their importance is clear, but systematics and biodiversity of them has been poorly studied. the aim of this research, conducted in 2014, is to identify amphibians of talesh township and their biological roles in pest control. sampling procedure has been done...

Motion vision provides important cues for many tasks. Flying insects, for example, may pursue small, fast moving targets for mating or feeding purposes, even when these are detected against self-generated optic flow. Since insects are small, with size-constrained eyes and brains, they have evolved to optimize their optical, neural and behavioral target visualization solutions. Indeed, even if e...

Insects are known to exchange respiratory gases in their system of tracheal tubes by using either diffusion or changes in internal pressure that are produced through body motion or hemolymph circulation. However, the inability to see inside living insects has limited our understanding of their respiration mechanisms. We used a synchrotron beam to obtain x-ray videos of living, breathing insects...

Insects are the dominant group of animals on earth today. They occur practically everywhere and far outnumber all other terrestrial animals taken together. Several hundred thousand different kinds of insects have been described, three times as many as there are in the rest of animal kingdom and some authorities believe that the total number of different species of insects may approach 30 millio...

In this paper, we study the effect of demand on specialization of skilled agents by modifying the earlier hybrid model which is based on the well-known Genetic Threshold Model (GTM) and Social Inhibition Model (SIM). We improve the agent specialization or division of labor (DOL) and also the quality of work (QOW) by introducing a new concept of varying the demand on a smooth curve and compare o...

Parallel trends of chromosomal evolution in Aphidococca are discussed, based on the catalogue of chromosomal numbers and genetic systems of scale insects by Gavrilov (2007) and the new catalogue for aphids provided in the present paper. To date chromosome numbers have been reported for 482 species of scale insects and for 1039 species of aphids, thus respectively comprising about 6% and 24% of ...

Profit Sharing and Training We analyze the impact of profit sharing on the share of workers receiving training. An effect is plausible because: 1) profit sharing is a credible commitment by firms to reward firmspecific skills acquired by formal or informal training, 2) profit sharing may reduce turnover and increase the returns to training, 3) a common payment for the whole workforce leads to p...