[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effects of inspiration- and expiration-oriented breathing on pulmonary function and chest expansion. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy male university students were divided randomly into inspiration-oriented and expiration-oriented breathing groups. Their pulmonary function and chest size during inspiration or expiration were evaluated and then re...

Cardioventilatory coupling is an entrainment phenomena, distinct from respiratory sinus arrhythmia, whereby heart and breathing rhythms show temporal coherence. Coupling is commonly observed during rest, sleep and anaesthesia. Five graphical methods, each with different underlying mechanistic assumptions, have been suggested for studying this entrainment relationship: (a) time relationship betw...

Imperceptible levels of proportional assist ventilation applied throughout inspiration reduced inspiratory time (TI) in awake humans. More recently, the reduction in TI was associated with flow assist, but flow assist also reaches a maximum value early during inspiration. To test the separate effects of flow assist and timing of assist, we applied a pseudorandom binary sequence of flow-assisted...