PURPOSE Achievement of athletes' performances is related to several factors including physiological, environmental and institutional cycles where physical characteristics are involved. The objective of this study is to analyse the performance achieved in professional sprint and middle-distance running events (100 m to 1500 m) depending on the organization of the annual calendar of track events ...

Using a dataset of over 1.6 million inspections by the Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) from 1990 through 2010, we explore the determinants of inspection and enforcement outcomes. OSHA is an institutionally split agency, with the federal agency conducting inspections in 25 states and state agencies conducting inspections in the remaining 25. The geographic variety and range over 21 ...

This paper reports on the changed nature of the role of universities in developing countries. Specifically, the author argues that the Polytechnic of Namibia, while remaining a university of academic excellence and creative thought, was prepared to transform its conventional role of transferring knowledge to the number of students it could accommodate in classrooms. The Polytechnic of Namibia, ...

one of the reasons that companies avoid paying their taxes is that they choose to use debts for their funding. in other words, tax saving, an activity of companies to avoid taxpaying, can be used to finance corporate projects. furthermore, since institutional owners are more inclined to supervise, they may shrink managerial behaviors to avoid taxpaying. in this study, institutional owners’ supe...

Managing acquired foreign firms often proves to be a challenging task for the acquiring firms. We propose that industry characteristics are very important to an acquiring firm’s actions, suggesting the existence of systematic differences in post-acquisition value creation in different industries. Moreover, the effect of these distinct approaches to value creation is also contingent on the bilat...

institutional synergy in urban management, as a collective feature is the byproduct of inter and intra institutional activities of urban organizations. it is consider gregarious action and as managerial phenomenon with feature of trust, participation. cooperation engagement, facilitation, mutual recognition and the network. this article scrutiny the capacity of inters intuitional synergy in urb...