The outer segments of vertebrate rod photoreceptor cells consist of an ordered stack of membrane disks, which, except for a few nascent disks at the base of the outer segment, is surrounded by a separate plasma membrane. Previous studies indicate that the protein, peripherin or peripherin/rds, is localized along the rim of mature disks of rod outer segments. A mutation in the gene for this prot...

BACKGROUND This article examines the ethical implications of using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to conduct HIV behaviour surveillance among injection drug users (IDUs) in Chicago. Ethnographic inquiry illustrates how the design and implementation of RDS invites if not promotes manifold violations of federal guidelines governing human research subject protections. METHODS Post hoc structur...

Peripherin/rds is an integral membrane protein required for the elaboration of rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments in the vertebrate retina; it causes a surprising variety of progressive retinal degenerations in humans and dysmorphic photoreceptors in murine models if defective or absent. (Peripherin/rds is also known as photoreceptor peripherin, peripherin/rds, rds/peripherin, rds, and p...

Vertebrate vision requires photon absorption by photoreceptor outer segments (OSs), structurally elaborate membranous organelles derived from non-motile sensory cilia. The structure and function of OSs depends on a precise stacking of hundreds of membranous disks. Each disk is fully (as in rods) or partially (as in cones) bounded by a rim, at which the membrane is distorted into an energeticall...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the SP-B deficiency and gene mutations in exon 4 is associated with neonatal RDS in China Han ethnic population. METHODS The study population consisted of 40 neonates with RDS and 40 neonates with other diseases as control in China Han ethnic population. We Compared SP-B expression in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with immunoblotting, and analyzed...

Purpose: This study was aimed to reveal the involvement of miRNAs in RDS by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The data in this study came from the paper of Kan et al. who analyzed the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile between RDS patients and normal controls. Based on the identified differentially expressed miRNAs, we predicted the target genes, lncRNA and circRNA. Then we performed functiona...

To recruit a sample of sexual minority women with diversity in regards to age and race, the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study (CHLEW), a longitudinal study of sexual minority women’s health, used respondent driven (RDS) sampling. RDS, a refinement of chain referral sampling, uses initial participants or “seeds” recruited by the research team, to recruit the remainder of the pan...

The contribution of animal science to the medical revolution: some case histories Coalition for Medical Progress, an alliance of organisations with the common aim of ensuring the uK continues to lead advances in human and animal medicine, explains why animals are used in PicTUre crediTs cover: All images: Wellcome Photo Library except mouse, dog and monkeys Institute of Animal Technology and sh...

Surfactant replacement therapy by ‘INSURE’ is a gentle ventilatory approach in preterms with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) reducing the mortality and is associated with less adverse sequelae than mechanical ventilation. The objective of the present study is to determine the role of surfactant therapy by INSURE in reducing the mortality of preterms with RDS. 59 preterm babies with RDS were...