INTRODUCTION Insulin allergy may occur in patients treated with subcutaneous applications of insulin preparations. Besides additives in the insulin preparation such as protamine, cresol, and phenol, the insulin molecule itself may be the cause of the allergy. In the latter case, therapeutic options are rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus r...

Brazil is expected to have 19.6 million patients with diabetes by the year 2030. A key concept in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is establishing individualized glycemic goals based on each patient's clinical characteristics, which impact the choice of antihyperglycemic therapy. Targets for glycemic control, including fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glyca...

This article highlights selected milestones in insulin discovery and its continued development as a pivotal therapy for diabetes. The last 90 years have witnessed tremendous progress in insulin therapy, from the initial crude, yet life-saving, animal insulin extracts to novel human insulin analogues. Although the complete physiologic replacement of insulin is inherently difficult to achieve wit...

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the unsteady micro-flow driven by an insulin pump commonly used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. A microscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to characterize the transient behavior of the micro-flow upon the pulsed excitation of the insulin pump in order to elucidate the underlying physics for a bett...

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apoA-I, related to an increased apoA-I fractional catabolic rate. This stable isotope kinetic experiment, using L-[1-(13)C] leucine, was designed to study the effect of insulin therapy on HDL apoA-I and A-II metabolism in poorly controlled NIDDM patients. A kinetic study was per...

Glycemic control is suboptimal in many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite documented benefits of insulin therapy, initiation of insulin is delayed in many cases because of the reluctance of patients and physicians to use this important treatment. A review of the literature revealed that educating patients about the role of insulin in managing T2DM and the advantages of using...

Abstract Purpose of Review Beta cell replacement therapy as a form islet transplantation is promising alternative with the possibility to make selected patients type 1 diabetes (T1D) insulin independent. However, this technique faces challenges such extensive activation host immune system post-transplantation, lifelong need for immunosuppression, and scarcity donor pancreas. Advancement in tiss...

Objective Better understanding of glucose metabolism in patients with HIV after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important to target treatment and follow-up for diabetes risk other non-communicable diseases resource-limited settings. The aim this study was assess the changes predictors blood pressure among on ART 12 months. Methods One-year Ethiopian initiation done. Outcomes were fas...

INTRODUCTION A 12-week prospective study was previously performed to assess the effect of add-on therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin treatment. Patients were followed until week 48 to investigate the medium-term efficacy and safety of the add-on therapy with sitagliptin. METHODS In the 70 pati...

A 62-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes for 16 years developed a severe anaphylactic shock upon administration of intravenous, short-acting regular insulin. The patient's medical history comprised allergic reactions to an unknown agent as a child as well as injection site reactions, urticaria, and dyspnea to subcutaneous NPH-insulin injections. The diagnostic work-up revealed a type 1 I...