In this paper we present an approach to reduce data sparsity problems when translating from morphologically rich languages into less inflected languages by selectively stemming certain word types. We develop and compare three different integration strategies: replacing words with their stemmed form, combined input using alternative lattice paths for the stemmed and surface forms and a novel hid...

state machines, 14 and Pi-calculus 15 have been presented recently. The semantics are usually used to devise techniques to automatically verify properties of the activity diagrams. However, none of these formalizations is worked out in such detail that it can help in developing sound transformation, normalization, or refactoring algorithms that transform one arbitrary UML 2.0 activity diagram i...

1 I n t r o d u c t i o n Interoperation among pre-existing, heterogeneous, and autonomous databases has been an important research topic in the last few years. Recently, the trend in database interoperability research is moving towards architectures for interoperation of databases on a scale that goes beyond the context of a single organisation, exploiting the communication facilities offered ...

Application-specific, parameterized local search algorithms (PLSAs), in which optimization accuracy can be traded off with runtime, arise naturally in many optimization contexts. We introduce a novel approach, called simulated heating, for systematically integrating parameterized local search into evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Using the framework of simulated heating, we investigate both stati...

Object-oriented programs involve many unique features that are not present in their conventional counterparts. Examples are message passing, synchronization, dynamic binding, object instantiation, persistence, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Integration testing for such programs is, therefore, more difficult than that for conventional programs. In this paper, we present an overvie...

This paper describes and compares three physical fault injection techniques—heavy-ion radiation, pin-level injection, and electromagnetic interference—and their use in the validation of MARS, a fault-tolerant distributed real-time system. The main features of the injection techniques are first summarised and analysed, and then the MARS error detection mechanisms are described. The distributed t...

After more than 20 years, since it was first advocated, the use of formal methods in software constructions still has a limited acceptance. Partly, this is caused by the fact that most formal techniques are especially adequate for dealing just with one aspect or view of software systems like their dynamic behaviour or their static functionality. This does not mean that one can not use a given a...

—The development of many highly dynamic environments, like pervasive environments, introduces the possibility to use geographically closely-related services. Dynamically integrating and unintegrating these services in running applications is a key challenge for this use. In this article, we classify service integration issues according to interfaces exported by services and internal combining t...

Software development organisations are paying more and more attention to the usability of their software products. To raise the usability level of the software product, it is necessary to employ usability techniques, but their use is far from straightforward since they are not, in most cases, integrated with the software engineering development processes. Offering average software developers a ...

A cell can be seen as an adaptive autonomous agent or as a society of adaptive autonomous agents, where each can exhibit a particular behaviour depending on its cognitive capabilities. We present an intracellular signalling model obtained by integrating several computational techniques into an agent-based paradigm. Cellulat, the model, takes into account two essential aspects of the intracellul...