A stable, closely-controlled, high-intensity, single-bunch beam will be required for the SLAC Linear Collider. The characteristics of shortpulse, low-intensity beams in the SLAC linac have been studied. A new, high-intensity thermionic gun, subharmonic buncher and S-band buncherl accelerator section were installed recently at SLAC. With these components, up to 1011 electrons in a single S-band ...

Relative risks for lung and bladder cancers by smoking intensity level off at more than 15-20 cigarettes per day. A three-parameter excess relative risk model in pack-years and intensity quantified this leveling (Lubin et al., Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:479-89). Above 15-20 cigarettes per day was an "inverse exposure rate" effect whereby, for equal pack-years, the excess relative risk/pack-year de...

The fracture mechanics examines the development and expansion of cracks in solids and how they affect the deformation of materials. The stress intensity factors at the tip of the crack and the critical stress intensity factors or fracture toughness of materials are considered in the relevant criteria. There are three main modes of applying forces to a crack including the tensile mode, shear mod...

A high intensity laser obliquely incident on an underdense plasma with density ripple produces resonant second and third-harmonic radiation in the reflected component. The highest efficiency of harmonic generation occurs when the pump laser is incident at critical angle and the angle between ripple wave vector q and the surface normal has a specific value / — /m, at which phase-matching conditi...

biological indicators are species that can be employed to monitor environmental quality and ecosystem health. different groups of organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria and parasites regularly produce certain molecular signal in response to changes in their environmental milieu. parasites are important tools for providing wealth of information on physicochemical quality, environmental stre...

Removal of carbonate impurities in sedimentary phosphate is one of the most important issues in the industry. Poor selective flotation of those ores is due to the similarity of Physico-chemical surface properties, solubility and electrokinetic characteristics of sparingly soluble phosphate and carbonate minerals. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic irradiation as a pretreatment method o...

Frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps are common components of species-specific vocalizations. The intensity of FM sweeps can cover a wide range in the natural environment, but whether intensity affects neural selectivity for FM sweeps is unclear. Bats, such as the pallid bat, which use FM sweeps for echolocation, are suited to address this issue, because the intensity of echoes will vary with target...

In this study, the effect of thermodynamic environmental changes on hurricane intensity is extensively investigated with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane model for a suite of experiments with different initial upper-tropospheric temperature anomalies up to 648C and sea surface temperatures ranging from 268 to 318C given the same...

Association rule mining is well-known to depend heavily on a support threshold parameter, and on one or more thresholds for intensity of implication; among these measures, confidence is most often used and, sometimes, related alternatives such as lift, leverage, improvement, or all-confidence are employed, either separately or jointly with confidence. We describe here an association mining syst...

In D-dimensional dilaton gravitational model stationary Schwarzschild type solutions (centrally symmetrical solutions in vacuum) are obtained. They contain the two-parameter set of solutions: the first parameter is proportional to a central mass and the second one describes intensity of the dilaton field. If the latter parameter equals zero we have pure Schwarzschild solution with the black hol...