The level of voltage unbalance that exists in some interconnected sub-transmission networks in Australia has been observed to be above the code requirements (e.g. 1% in Victoria). There is a perception that these high levels arise as a result of asymmetrical loads. However, the system asymmetry (of lines which are not normally transposed at 66kV, transformers and capacitor banks) also can play ...

During the past couple of years, the complexity of transmission system operation has increased significantly. Along with the liberalization of the electricity markets a broad range of new, varying tasks have arisen and with this a significant increase of interfaces which the operators in control centres have to cope with. Furthermore the substantial growth of volatile wind and PV energy sources...

The global electrical energy consumption is steadily rising and consequently there is a demand to increase the power generation capacity. A significant percentage of the required capacity increase can be based on renewable energy sources.The integration of Distributed Generations into grid has a great importance in improving system reliability. The power generation with renewable energy sources...