Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) display increased levels of type I interferon (IFN)-induced genes. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are natural interferon producing cells and considered to be a primary source of IFN-α in these two diseases. Differential expression patterns of type I IFN-inducible transcripts can be found in different immune cell s...

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generated continuously under physiological conditions have recently emerged as critical players in the regulation of immune signaling pathways. In this study we have investigated the regulation of antiviral signaling by increased mtROS production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which, as major producers of type I interferons (IFN), are the k...

Dendritic cells (DCs) respond to microbial infections by undergoing phenotypic maturation and by producing multiple cytokines. In the present study, we analyzed the ability of influenza A and Sendai viruses to induce DC maturation and activate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta), and IFN-like interleukin-28A/B (IFN-lambda2/3) and IL-29 (IFN-lambda1) g...

The new world arenavirus Junín virus (JUNV) is the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, a lethal human infectious disease. Adult laboratory mice are generally resistant to peripheral infection by JUNV. The mechanism underlying the mouse resistance to JUNV infection is largely unknown. We have reported that interferon receptor knockout mice succumb to JUNV infection, indicating the cr...

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also called human herpesvirus 8) is believed to be the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and AIDS-associated primary effusion lymphoma. KSHV infection of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) in culture results in the conversion of cobblestone-shaped cells to spindle-shaped cells, a character...

Background SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by impaired innate and acquired immune tolerance, resulting in increased Type I IFN (IFN-I) aberrant B cell development, which cGAS TLR 7/8 signaling play critical roles. TLR7/8 signal activated due to the overresponse nucleic acid derived from clearance of apoptotic cells, leads IFN-I production. Activation also development abnormal popula...

A culture supernatant of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (Con A supernatant) induced murine macrophages to express Ia antigens in vitro. Biochemical characterization of the Con A supernatant indicated that the macrophage Ia antigen regulatory activity shares molecular weight, pI, and hydrophobic and affinity characteristics with immune interferon (IFN-gamma). Antiserum to mouse IFN-gamma ...

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and type 1 interferon (T1-IFN) signaling are innate immune mechanisms activated upon viral infection. However, the role of NF-κB and its interplay with T1-IFN in antiviral immunity is poorly understood. We show that NF-κB is essential for resistance to ectromelia virus (ECTV), a mouse orthopoxvirus related to the virus causing human smallpox. Additionally, an ECTV...

We performed high throughput transcriptomic profiling with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to uncover network responses in human THP-1 monocytes treated with high glucose (HG). Our data analyses revealed that interferon (IFN) signaling, pattern recognition receptors, and activated interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) were enriched among the HG-upregulated genes. Motif analysis identified an HG-respons...