in order to confirm the effectiveness of language learning strategies in theiranian context in junior high schools, this study was designed to examine thepatterns of strategy use, the effects of strategy instruction on the students’ strategyuse, and the relationship between the participants’ strategy use and their englishachievement. to achieve this objective, 57 junior high school participants...

abstract the present study aimed at discovering the practices and strategies autonomous efl learners pursue in their endeavor to master english. it thus set out in the iranian context, with 60 efl learners, both autonomous and non-autonomous, as participants. the gathered data through a questionnaire and an interview were subjected to content and descriptive analysis. the results showed that bo...

This study investigates the effect of learning environment (study abroad vs. at home) on the pragmatic development of Chinese speakers’ L2 English refusals. A total of 20 Chinese Study Abroad (SA) students participated in the study and their L2 refusals were examined over the course of one academic year. These refusals were compared with those of 20 Chinese At Home (AH) students. Data were coll...

This study adopts two assumptions about abstract lexical structure. One is that structure modular: information organized into subsystems pointing to different levels of linguistic structure, and parts can be split recombined. The other concerns the sources morphemes actually occurring in surface strings. As commonly recognized, contains three levels: lexical-conceptual predicate-argument morpho...

One of the big challenges in robotics today is to learn from human users that are inexperienced in interacting with robots but yet are often used to teach skills flexibly to other humans and to children in particular. A potential route toward natural and efficient learning and teaching in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is to leverage the social competences of humans and the underlying interactio...

This study investigated the intelligibility of native and Mandarin-accented English speech for native English and native Mandarin listeners. The word-final voicing contrast was considered (as in minimal pairs such as `cub' and `cup') in a forced-choice word identification task. For these particular talkers and listeners, there was evidence of an interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for ...

The usual source of crosshnguistic influence in the interlanguage of a person learning a first foreign language (L2) is quite obviously his/her LI Pinpointing the source of crosshnguistic influences in the interlanguage of a multilingual speaker is less straightforward The main source of crosshnguistic influence m the L3 of a speaker is not automatically, as the present study shows, the LI of t...

the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of language use vary across different situations, languages, and cultures. the separation of these two facets of language use can help to map out the socio-cultural norms and conventions as well as the linguistic forms and strategies that underlie the pragmatic performance of different language speakers in a variety of target language use situatio...