We consider the task of forecasting an infinite sequence of future observations based on some number of past observations, where the probability measure generating the observations is “suspected” to satisfy one or more of a set of incomplete models, i.e. convex sets in the space of probability measures. This setting is in some sense intermediate between the realizable setting where the probabil...

We derive a composite centrality measure for general weighted and directed complex networks, based on measure standardisation and invariant statistical inheritance schemes. Different schemes generate different intermediate abstract measures providing additional information, while the composite centrality measure tends to the standard normal distribution. This offers a unified scale to measure n...

Program synthesis tasks usually specify only the desired output of a program and do not state any expectations about its internal behavior. The intermediate execution states reached by a running program can be nonetheless deemed as more or less preferred according to their information content with respect to the desired output. In this paper, a consistency measure is proposed that implements th...

The relative worst-order ratio is a measure of the quality of online algorithms. In contrast to the competitive ratio, this measure compares two online algorithms directly instead of using an intermediate comparison with an optimal offline algorithm. In this paper, we apply the relative worst-order ratio to online algorithms for several common variants of the bin packing problem. We mainly cons...

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of vocabulary gains for EFL learners with intermediate English proficiency on one reading application "Fluent Reading" in a Chinese university. treatment lasted 30 days, and 4 participants were asked use this app every day. The data collected through pre-test, post-test measure learners’ 100 randomly selected target words. results revealed that relat...

The Milestone Project in plastic surgery was created to define training outcomes and measure progress as a trainee progresses from novice to expert. The Plastic Surgery Milestones represent a framework with graduated measures to ensure the learner and program faculty know the expected intermediate and long-term competencies, and can more accurately measure where an individual is on the expected...

This study assessed and compared the daily step counts recorded by two different motion sensors in order to estimate the free-living physical activity of 135 adolescent girls. Each girl concurrently wore a Yamax pedometer and an ActiGraph accelerometer (criterion measure) every day for seven consecutive days. The convergent validity of the pedometer can be considered intermediate when used to m...