Following exposure to intermittent hypoxia, respiratory motor activity and sympathetic nervous system activity may persist above baseline levels for over an hour. The present investigation was designed to determine whether sustained increases in minute ventilation and sympathovagal (S/V) balance, in addition to sustained depression of parasympathetic nervous system activity (PNSA), were greater...

Drugs of abuse such as opioids and stimulants share a common dopaminergic reward pathway; however, in response to continual intermittent exposure to such drugs, there are neuronal alterations leading to changes in behavior. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are proteins that negatively regulate G protein signaling and are expressed in brain areas important for the pharmacology of abused d...

BACKGROUND The effects of in utero tobacco smoke exposure on childhood respiratory health have been investigated, and outcomes have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To determine if in utero tobacco smoke exposure is associated with childhood persistent asthma in Mexican, Puerto Rican, and black children. PATIENTS AND METHODS There were 295 Mexican, Puerto Rican, and black asthmatic children, ag...

4 In the context of this discussion, a subtle distinction is made between structured treatment interruption (STI) and structured intermittent treatment (SIT). STI has generally referred to 1 or more periods of interruption of potent antiretroviral therapy after a period of full viral suppression, with the principal goal being stimulation of HIV-1-specific immune responses that might subsequentl...

A 35-yr-old Caucasian female was admitted with a 2-week history of rapidly progressive dyspnoea on minimal exertion. She denied any associated cough, chest pain or systemic symptoms. She gave a background of a 5-yr history of dyspnoea on moderate exertion, with intermittent cough, but no diurnal variation. This had been previously attributed to asthma and she had been maintained on inhaled cort...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Parenteral administration of β-lactam antibiotics by intermittent intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection has been considered the optimal dosing regimen. The exposure of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci to different β-lac-tams s...

BACKGROUND Little is known about safety of and adherence to intermittent HIV PrEP regimens, which may be more feasible than daily dosing in some settings. We present safety and adherence data from the first trial of an intermittent PrEP regimen among Kenyan men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS MSM and FSW were randomized to daily oral FTC/TD...

Being essentially cut off from the global scientific community, Ukrainian and Russian scientists have developed a new concept for the beneficial use of adaptation to artificial intermittent hypoxia in treating of many diseases. The basic mechanisms underlying intermittent hypoxic training were elaborated mainly in three areas: regulation of respiration, free radical production and mitochondrial...

UNLABELLED Although chronic hypoxia is a claimed myocardial risk factor reducing tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), intermittent reoxygenation has beneficial effects and enhances heart tolerance to I/R. AIM OF THE STUDY To test the hypothesis that, by mimicking intermittent reoxygenation, selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 activity improves ischemia tolerance during hypoxia. Ad...