This paper discusses the numerical exponential instability of the transfer matrix method (TMM) in the framework of the symmetry formalism. This numerical weakness is attributed to a series of increasingly extreme exponentials that appear in the TMM when it is applied to geometries involving total internal reflection (TIR) or very high absorption. We design a TMM formalism that identifies the in...

To assess the value of phrenic nerve stimulation in the investigation of diaphragm function, transdiaphragmatic pressures were measured in 20 healthy subjects and in 15 patients with diaphragm weakness, during unilateral and bilateral transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz at functional residual capacity (twitch Pdi). Diaphragm function was initially assessed by measuring transdiaphra...

In sequential computing, every method of an object can be described in isolation via preconditions and postconditions. However, reasoning in a concurrent setting requires a characterization of all possible interactions across method invocations. Herlihy and Wing [1990]’s notion of linearizability simplifies such reasoning by intuitively ensuring that each method invocation “takes effect” betwee...

the present research applies the information of major plans for predicting drug consumption in 1991/1992 as well as the data of census in 1990 to evaluate this assumption that “ some arrestees’ sturctural weakness-related factors” contribute in using cocaine and other opiates. this research which applies non-linear modelling techniques، reviews the effectivity of the social control factors as w...