The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) on 19 October 2005 is an important step in the search for global minimum standards in biomedical research and clinical practice. As a member of UNESCO International Bioethics Committee, I participated in the drafting of this document. Drawing on this ...

Doctors have recently gained substantial experience of using telemedical applications for consultations, education and training, and conferences. What is still lacking is systematic evaluation of these new approaches compared with traditional procedures. Trials involving consultations for diagnostic, monitoring, and interpretative purposes should be blinded and multicentred, and should include ...

This article, the fourth part of the educational design series, addresses how nursing professional development practitioners can meet educational design criterion 4 in the American Nurses Credentialing Center primary accreditation process and standards 4 and 5 in the Association for Nursing Professional Development Nursing Professional Development: Scope and Standards of Practice. J Contin Educ...

In this study, the use of backwash, extracted from city waste from Tehran's Kahrizakareawasinvestigated in agricultural applications as well as in eco system applications. The purpose of thisresearch was to definethe quality of qualitative and quantitative parameters to measure the output ofleachate treatment plant Arad Kooh(Kahrizak Tehran) in order to reuse it for agricultural use anddischarg...

The time is now ripe for the development of broad standards of educational content of postgraduate work, standards that will emphasize objectives and stimulate higher achievement without inhibiting widespread experimentation with means and methods. To make this postgraduate work most effective and of good educational content, it should be considered as a continuation of undergraduate and gradua...

Guideline development processes vary substantially, and many guidelines do not meet basic quality criteria. Standards for guideline development can help organizations ensure that recommendations are evidence-based and can help users identify high-quality guidelines. Such organizations as the U.S. Institute of Medicine and the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellenc...