Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis has been a time-honored principle in the prevention of surgical site infection. Its effectiveness has recently been questioned. Potential reasons for the lack of demonstrable efficacy and suggestions for re-examination of this concept are presented.

We introduce an algorithm that generates an optimal controller for stochastic nonlinear problems with a periodic solution, e.g. locomotion. Uniquely, the quantity we approximate is neither the Value nor Policy functions, but rather the stationary statedistribution of the optimally-controlled process. We recast the control problem as Bayesian inference over a graphical model with a ring topology...

In a recent paper Iri showed that the Iri{Imai method converges in O(nL) iterations to an optimal solution. This is achieved by proving that in each iteration the (multiplicative) barrier function is reduced by (at least) some constant factor (smaller than one). In his paper Iri adopts the 'kernel{index tensor notation with Einstein's summation convention for the coordinate indices'. This notat...

This discourse study aims to analyze the structure and function of modes in speech characters The Grass is Singing concerning white domination over black people. a qualitative with critical analysis approach. findings conform Fairclough’s theory (1989) that mood structure, whether declarative, interrogative, or imperative, can show speaker's dominance power. In declarative mode, speaker person ...

Abstract We model the conventional meaning of utterances that combine two distinct clause types: a (positive) declarative or imperative (in rare cases, interrogative) anchor and (negative) interrogative tag, such as won’t you? . argue express single speech act, in fact, update conversational scoreboard. The proposed this effect is straightforward extension prior proposals for semantics declarat...

In this paper I wish to discuss an interesting constraint on the interpretation of the Italian infinitive in subordinate clauses introduced by an interrogative or relative phrase (for short, "wh-infinitives"). Firstly, observe that in an infinitival declarative complement, as in (1), the compound infinitive describes an event which is temporally located before the event or state described by th...

To design for users’ values, one must first elicit those values. This paper describes research on detection of values in texts and describes applications to design. Expert, crowdsourced, and automatic content analysis offer non-intrusive ways of learning about users’ values that can serve as accompaniments or alternatives to interrogative methods such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups.

A formal theory based on a binary operator of directional associative relation is constructed in the article and an understanding of an associative normal form of image constructions is introduced. A model of a commutative semigroup, which provides a presentation of a sentence as three components of an interrogative linguistic image construction, is considered.

Current unit selection speech synthesis voices cannot produce emphasis or interrogative contours because of a lack of the necessary prosodic variation in the recorded speech database. A method of recording script design is proposed which addresses this shortcoming. Appropriate components were added to the target cost function of the Festival Multisyn engine, and a perceptual evaluation showed a...