Our objective was to investigate in conscious Sprague-Dawley (6-8 weeks, 250-300 g) female rats (N = 7 in each group) the effects of intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected adrenomedullin (ADM) on blood pressure and heart rate (HR), and to determine if ADM and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors, peripheral V1 receptors or the central cholinergic system play roles in these cardiov...

Protein synthesis inhibitors block consolidation of memory and may also block the reconsolidation of a reactivated memory in paradigms of aversive learning, but the evidence for reconsolidation effects is conflicting in appetitive paradigms. We now report that intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) anisomycin (400microg) prevents consolidation of morphine-induced place preference (CPP), but does not im...

Acute hypoxia produces an increase in ventilation. When the hypoxia is sustained, the initial increase in ventilation is followed by a decrease in ventilation. Hypoxia causes changes in brain neurotransmitters depending on its severity and durations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate for hypoxic ventilatory response in rabbits....

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Precursor Gene Knocking Down Impedes Melanocortin-Induced Hypertension in Rats To the Editor: Recently, da Silva et al1 reported that endogenous melanocortin may cause elevation of arterial blood pressure (ABP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. We invite authors to consider that the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) system may be involved, because ...

glutamate as one of the most important neurotransmitter in the brain has a significant role in control of foodintake. this study examined the central effect of chicago sky blue 6b (csb6 ) as glutamate vesicular uptake inhibitor, on food and water intake in broilers. after icv injection of csb6 cumulative food and water intake were measured in 15,30,60,120 and 180 minutes. csb6 increased food in...

We evaluated whether the brain kallikrein-kinin system plays a role in the regulation of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release in rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of bradykinin (0.24 nmol) increased plasma immunoreactive ACTH (irACTH) levels (from 93 +/- 4 to 200 +/- 12 pg/ml, P less than 0.01). This effect was prevented by icv kinin antagonist at 15.4 nmol/h (from 98 +/- 5 to 108 +/-...

BACKGROUND The superior septal approach sacrifices the sinus node artery, and it requires more invasive incisions into the right and left atria. Therefore, postoperative rhythm disturbances could be troublesome in patients with SSA. In this study, we evaluated perioperative and midterm conduction disturbances in the cardiac rhythms of patients who had a SSA for mitral valve repair. METHODS Fi...

Percutaneous balloon dilatation of severe aortic valve stenosis was attempted in thirteen patients (seven neonates and six infants). In two the valve could not be crossed and both died during subsequent operation. Two patients died during manipulation of the balloon catheter. No significant benefit was obtained in another patient who later died during operation. Balloon dilatation was successfu...

This paper surveys some signi ̄cant applications of interval analysis to robust control ̄eld. Interval analysis is specially powerful in bounding the ranges of functions while providing mathematically rigorous results. This capability is especially welcome in robust control, since a variety of analysis and design problems can be cast in the evaluation of the range of functions over intervals. To...

BACKGROUND There have been a number of studies on mitral valve replacement and repeated percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy for mitral valve restenosis after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. However, studies on mitral valve repair for these patients are rare. In this study, we analyzed postoperative outcomes of mitral valve repair for mitral valve restenosis after percutaneous mitral ba...