Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to specific mRNA sequences are widely used inhibitors of gene expression in vitro and in vivo . In vitro cationic lipids have been demonstrated to increase the pharmacological activity of antisense oligonucleotides by increasing cellular uptake and facilitating nuclear accumulation. We have investigated the intracellular fate of oligonucleotide/cationic ...

The marine microalgae Tetraselmis striata was cultivated in drilling waters with different salinities. Growth substrate optimization performed while the effects of pH, temperature, photoperiod and CO2 flow rate on biomass productivity its composition were studied. Results showed that strain grew better 2.8% employing fertilizer Nutri-Leaf together ΝaHCO3. A pH value 8 resulted high (79.8 mg L−1...

The time course of inactivation of voltage-activated potassium (Kv) channels is an important determinant of the firing rate of neurons. In many Kv channels highly unsaturated lipids as arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and anandamide can induce fast inactivation. We found that these lipids interact with hydrophobic residues lining the inner cavity of the pore. We analysed the effects of th...

The effects and modes of action of certain antineoplastic phospholipid analogues (racemic l-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl glycero-3-phosphocholine, BM 41.440, JH-1, CV-3988, and HePC) on (sodium plus potassium)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) and sodium pump activities were investigated. Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase in purified rat brain synaptosomal membranes by these lipids, in contras...

866 Autophagy 2009; Vol. 5 Issue 6 We have all learned in textbooks that “lysosomes contain hydrolases able to degrade all types of intracellular molecules which include proteases, glycosidases, nucleotidases and lipases.” To date, the only logical explanation for the presence of lipases inside of lysosomes was for the degradation of lipoproteins internalized by endocytosis, and for the breakdo...

The purpose of this review is to update the reader on our current knowledge of the digestion, uptake, and transport of dietary lipid. In particular, it discusses how intestinal lipid transporters may play a role in the uptake of lipids by the enterocytes, and how chylomicrons are formed in the enterocytes and packaged for export into the lymphatic system through exocytosis. The classification a...

The neural system originates from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Embryonic NSPCs first proliferate to increase their numbers and then produce neurons and glial cells that compose the complex neural circuits in the brain. New neurons are continually produced even after birth from adult NSPCs in the inner wall of the lateral ventricle and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These adult-born ...

1. From molecules to living systems: complexity is obtained from simple building blocks 2. Amino acids and proteins 2.1. Proteogenic Amino Acids 2.2. Non Proteinogenic Amino Acids 2.3. Amino Acid Polymers: Proteins. Their Structure and Function 2.3.1. Proteins Folding and Structure 2.3.2. Proteins Function and Regulation 3. Nucleotides and nucleic acids: information, energy transport, catalysis...

The effects and modes of action of certain antineoplastic phospholipid analogues (racemic 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl glycero-3-phosphocholine, BM 41.440, JH-1, CV-3988, and HePC) on (sodium plus potassium)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) and sodium pump activities were investigated. Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase in purified rat brain synaptosomal membranes by these lipids, in contras...

a major function of the enterocytes is absorption, processing, and export of dietary lipids into the lymphatic system. pluronic l-81 is a non-ionic hydrophobic surfactant, which specifically inhibits lipid absorption in the intestine when administered in vivo. this compound is therefore an attractive probe to perturb and investigate the molecular and intracellular events in chylomicron assembly...