Raised intracranial pressure is a complication not just of traumatic brain injury and other acute cerebral insults, but also of a number of general medical conditions. Bedside diagnosis can be difficult; early clinical signs may be misinterpreted, and reliance on cross-sectional imaging studies may further delay diagnosis. Ultrasound is a readily available imaging modality in most critical care...

The basic concept of Intracranial Pressure and its elivation in pathological conditions is discussed. The e&ects of Barbiturates, Corticosteroids, Furosamide, man-nitol, urea hyperventilation and hypothermia are mentioned. Experimental data from the published literature are reported. The brain, by virtue of the fact that it is encased in a container with rigid walls, is unique among the organs ...

BACKGROUND Neurologic complications can occur with varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, usually after vesicular exanthem. A review of the literature revealed 3 cases of viral meningitis associated with 6th nerve palsy but without significantly increased intracranial pressure. CASE REPORT We report a case of a previously healthy 15-year-old girl with aseptic meningitis as a result of reacti...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We investigate the test performance of emergency physician-performed sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure. METHODS Children between the ages of 0 and 18 years with suspected increased intracranial pressure were prospectively recruited from the emergency department and ICU of an urban, tertiary-level, freestandi...

Current-generation CT scanners enable the visualization in vivo of structures and substructures that were previously unobservable. Certainly the orbit and optic nerve/sheath complex have demonstrated a great number of pathologic and normal anatomic variations. It has been found in patients with elevated intracranial pressure that what was previously thought to be simple papilledema in fact mask...

BACKGROUND The increased intracranial pressure can significantly complicate the perioperative period in major abdominal surgery, increasing the risk of complications, the length of recovery from the surgery, worsening the outcome. Epidural anesthesia has become a routine component of abdominal surgery, but its use in patients with increased intracranial pressure remains controversial. The goal ...

OBJECTIVE Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that has a vasodilating effect on cerebral vessels producing a cerebral blood flow increase. Furthermore, it has been shown in animal studies that isoflurane, when used as a preconditioning agent, has neuroprotective properties, inducing tolerance to ischemia. However, it is not routinely used in neurointensive care because of the potential increase...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography is a noninvasive, reproducible technique that allows the assessment of CO2-induced cerebral vasomotor reactivity. We investigated the effect of CO2 changes on cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with severe intracranial hemorrhage and evaluated the relation between CO2 reactivity, intracranial pressure, and outcome. METHODS Tran...

Aim: To evaluate the utility of measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter in children with shunted hydrocephalus, suspected of having raised intracranial pressure. Methods: 23 children with shunted hydrocephalus were examined, six had well controlled ICP, 17 however manifested symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension. A clinical history was taken from all patients and their parents or c...

AIM To evaluate the utility of measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter in children with shunted hydrocephalus, suspected of having raised intracranial pressure. METHODS 23 children with shunted hydrocephalus were examined, six had well controlled ICP, 17 however manifested symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension. A clinical history was taken from all patients and their parents or c...