The association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) in fear-conditioning depends on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA). Latent inhibition (LI) is the retardation in learning due to nonreinforced presentation of the prospective CS before conditioning. Disruption of LI in rats is an animal model of schizophrenia, refl...

PURPOSE To describe the clinical, radiographic, and neuropathologic features of bilateral thalamic glioma. METHODS We searched our hospital records (1963 to present) to identify patients diagnosed as having the disease. RESULTS Our search revealed eight patients, ranging in age from 8-63 years, with bithalamic tumor diagnosed by angiography, CT, and/or MR. All patients displayed personality...

The present study bears on afferents that terminate in layer VI of the posteromedial barrel field in the rat. Their origin was determined by the retrograde transport of cholera toxin, and their axonal arborizations were revealed by targeting injections of biotinylated dextran amine in regions that contained retrogradely labeled neurons. Afferents to lamina VI arise from the thalamus (the ventra...

Anterograde labeling of the cervical spinothalamic tract was combined with retrograde labeling of thalamocortical cells projecting to the hand region of the second somatosensory cortex (hSII) to identify likely sites in the thalamus for processing and transmitting nociceptive information to hSII. Anterograde labeling of terminals was done with 2% WGA-HRP injections in the cervical enlargement; ...

We report the case of a woman presenting with changes on cerebral imaging a year and a half after a bi-thalamic (predominantly left-sided) infarction including lateral and medial thalamic nuclei. Lateral geniculate body and pulvinar were not damaged. Hypoperfusion was observed in left cortical and basal structures. White matter FLAIR hyperintense lesions occurred in the left hemisphere and the ...

Sensory information can interact to impact perception and behavior. Foods are appreciated according to their appearance, smell, taste and texture. Athletes and dancers combine visual, auditory, and somatosensory information to coordinate their movements. Under laboratory settings, detection and discrimination are likewise facilitated by multisensory signals. Research over the past several decad...

It is widely acknowledged that a complete theory of consciousness should explain general consciousness (what makes a state conscious at all) and specific consciousness (what gives a conscious state its particular phenomenal quality). We defend first-order representationalism, which argues that consciousness consists of sensory representations directly available to the subject for action selecti...

This article starts with a brief review of the thalamocortical system architecture, which is composed of the projecting thalamic nuclei, the thalamic reticular nucleus, and the neocortex. Then we provide a description of the three states of vigilances followed by a detailed review of major brain rhythms present in the thalamocortical system, ranging from very slow to very fast oscillations. We ...