INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigant agitation techniques on smear layer removal in curved root canals. METHODS Mesiobuccal canals of 62 extracted lower molars with a curvature of 33 degrees were used and instrumented up to ProTaper F2. The samples were divided into 3 experimental groups according to the final irrigation: conventional irri...

Freshwater resources are scarce in desert regions. Highly saline groundwater of different salinity is being used to drip irrigate the Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt with a double-branch-pipe system controlling the irrigation cycles. In this study, to evaluate the dynamics of soil moisture and salinity under the current irrigation system, soil samples were collected to a 2-m depth in the ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of final irrigation protocols with chlorhexidine in the coronal leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in filled root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy single-root canals from extracted teeth were prepared using ProTaper instruments. The irrigation protocol accomplished an alternating irrigation with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) and 17% EDTA between ...

Background/aim: Povidone-iodine (PI, Betadine) is routinely used as a preoperative topical antiseptic in cataract surgery as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. However, the concentration used clinically is variable. In vitro studies have shown that PI is paradoxically more effective at lower concentration. This study was undertaken to determine if this e...

Freshwater resources in the North China Plain (NCP) are near depletion due to the unceasing overexploitation of deep groundwater, by far the most significant source of freshwater in the region. To deal with the deepening freshwater crisis, brackish water (rich but largely unused water in agriculture) is increasingly being used in irrigation in the region. However, inappropriate irrigation with ...

In Algeria, liberalization reforms undertaken since the 1990s have resulted in negative effects on the development and management of irrigation schemes, as well as on the conditions of farmers. Reforms have been undertaken to improve the performance of irrigation schemes, such as the national plan of agricultural development (PNDA) in 2000 and the water pricing policy of 2005. However, after im...

Appropriate benchmarks for water productivity (WP), defined here as the amount of grain yield produced per unit of water supply, are needed to help identify and diagnose inefficiencies in crop production and water management in irrigated systems. Such analysis is lacking for maize in the Western U.S. Corn Belt where irrigated production represents 58% of total maize output. The objective of thi...

Bagherzadeh A., Paymard P. (2015): Assessment of land capability for different irrigation systems by parametric and fuzzy approaches in the Mashhad Plain, northeast Iran. Soil & Water Res., 10: 90–98. Water quality and quantity in agricultural systems of arid and semiarid regions of the world are of great importance. In this regard the trend to pressurized irrigation systems compared to surface...

The impact of climate change on the ecosystem of the Mediterranean Sea basin will be manifested mainly by a significant reduction in water resources, because of rising temperatures and lower rainfall despite the increase in heavy precipitation events. Water is a fundamental resource for the metabolic activities of plants in agriculture. Unfortunately this resource is available in limited quanti...

AIM To present the best available research evidence on eye irrigation methods for ocular chemical burns to facilitate better-informed clinical decisions. METHODS Randomized, quasi-randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing the effectiveness of eye irrigation methods among adults or children as an active form of emergency treatment for ocular chemical burns were reviewed....