AIM To explore associations among breastfeeding duration, maternal personality and maternal attitudes and experiences of breastfeeding. BACKGROUND Understanding influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration is critical to increasing breastfeeding rates and supporting new mothers. Maternal characteristics such as self-efficacy, knowledge and confidence are known to enable women to breast...

BACKGROUND There have been scarce large-scale studies investigating the personality of patients with malignant tumors. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristic personality in malignant tumors outpatients. METHODS Three thousand and three among 5013 consecutive outpatients who consented to answer the Japanese Maudsley Personality Inventory questionnaires were divided into t...

Critical real-world visual search tasks such as radiology and baggage screening rely on the detection of rare targets. When targets are rare, observers search for a relatively short amount of time and have a high miss rate, a pattern of results known as the low prevalence effect. Attempts to improve the search for rare targets have been unsuccessful or resulted in an increase in detections at t...

5s were 68 pairs of adolescent twins from the public schools of an urban area. They comprised 60% of the same-sexed twin population. Zygosity diagtlosis was detennined by blood grouping for 9 groups; half of the sample was identical (MZ) and half was fraternal (DZ). Personality was assessed by the MMPI and Cattell's HSPQ. 24 standard scaies were analyzed by intraclass correlations (R) and herit...

BACKGROUND The clinical training of medical students in clerkship is crucial to their future practice in healthcare services. This study investigates burnout during a 2-year clerkship training period as well as the role of personality traits on burnout during training. METHODS Ninety-four clerks at a tertiary medical centre who provided at least 10 responses to a routine survey on clinical ro...

This study examined the associations between adolescents' daily Internet use and low well-being (i.e., loneliness, low self-esteem, and depressive moods). We hypothesized that (a) linkages between high levels of daily Internet use and low well-being would be mediated by compulsive Internet use (CIU), and (b) that adolescents with low levels of agreeableness and emotional stability, and high lev...

This study assessed the effects of natural expressive tendencies on physiological response to stress. Male undergraduates were unobtrusively observed while watching a stressor videotape. On the basis of the subjects' facial responsiveness to the film, a group of 23 natural expressers and 22 natural inhibitors were selected and exposed to a threat of shock situation during which heart rate, resp...

The relationship between shyness, social phobia and other psychiatric disorders was examined. The prevalence of social phobia was significantly higher among shy persons (18%) compared with non-shy persons (3%). However, the majority of shy individuals (82%) were not socially phobic. A significant and positive correlation was found between the severity of shyness and the presence of social phobi...

The present study examines the lack of strong correlations among existing self-report measures of narcissism. A principal-components analysis of 6 MMPI narcissism scales resulted in 2 orthogonal factors, 1 implying Vulnerability-Sensitivity and the other Grandiosity-Exhibitionism. Although unrelated to each other, these 2 factors were associated with such core features of narcissism as conceit,...