background and objectives: recently, due to the interest of healthy lifestyle demand for research on novel methods of increasing the shelf-life of food products without the necessity of using preservatives has extended rapidly in the world. ability of nanoemulsions to improve global food quality has attracted great attention in food preservation. this is as a result of a number of attributes pe...

BACKGROUND Winter-seasonal epidemics of pneumococcal disease provide an opportunity to understand the drivers of incidence. We sought to determine whether seasonality of invasive pneumococcal disease is caused by increased nasopharyngeal transmission of the bacteria or increased susceptibility to invasive infections driven by cocirculating winter respiratory viruses. METHODS We analyzed pneum...

Exotic forest pathogens may threaten native ecosystems. Although there is little chance to eradicate the pathogens once established, their spread may be limited through efficient and sustainable management practices only when factors driving the invasion are known. Here, we review the factors determining pathogen invasiveness and provide guidelines to identify them. Emerging infectious diseases...

background :  pathogenic bacteria because of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes are dangerous to society. this resistance due to esbl genes, plasmids and transposons that by receiving or mutation occurs. the most important factor beta-lactam antibiotic resistance is beta lactamase enzymes. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hospital opportunistic pathogenic bacteria...

sixteen isolates of colletotrichum were collected from leaves with anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots of twelve wild, cultivated and ornamental plant species from the guilan, mazandaran, and golestan provinces in northern iran. five different species, including c. aenigma, c. gigasporum, c. godetiae, c. karstii, and c. musae were identified based on the dna sequence data (tub2, gs, gapdh). four...