In this paper, we will sketch the basic system of Justification Logic, which is a general logical framework for reasoning about epistemic justification. Justification Logic renders a new, evidence-based foundation for epistemic logic. As a case study, we compare formalizations of the Kripke ‘Red Barn’ scenario in modal epistemic logic and Justification Logic and show here that the latter provid...

In this paper, we will sketch the basic system of Justification Logic, which is a general logical framework for reasoning about epistemic justification. Justification Logic renders a new, evidence-based foundation for epistemic logic. As a case study, we compare formalizations of the Kripke ‘Red Barn’ scenario in modal epistemic logic and Justification Logic and show here that the latter provid...

This thesis aims to elucidate real option thinking and real option valuation techniques for innovative technology investment. Treating the fuel cell R&D investment as a real option for General Motor's light passenger vehicle fleet, the thesis presents a 3-step approach to value the R&D and its influence on the fleet value, in which the uncertainties and managerial flexibility are proactively ac...

This paper addresses the actual practice of justifying definitions in mathematics. First, I introduce the main account of this issue, namely Lakatos’s proof-generated definitions. Based on a case study of definitions of randomness in ergodic theory, I identify three other common ways of justifying definitions: natural-world-justification, condition-justification and redundancyjustification. Als...

I argue against the orthodox view of the relationship between propositional and doxastic justification. The view under criticism is: if p is propositionally justified for S in virtue of S’s having reason(s) R, and S believes p on the basis of R, then S’s belief that p is doxastically justified. I then propose and evaluate alternative accounts of the relationship between propositional and doxast...

The lottery paradox shows that the following three individually highly plausible theses are jointly incompatible: (i) highly probable propositions are justifiably believable, (ii) justified believability is closed under conjunction introduction, (iii) known contradictions are not justifiably believable. This paper argues that a satisfactory solution to the lottery paradox must reject (i) as ver...

This paper presents a discussion on the phenomena of masking in the context of justifications for entailments. Various types of masking are introduced and a definition for each type is given.

The study of scepticism might be said to define epistemology. As the enquiry into the nature and sources of knowledge, epistemology's two fold concern is to identify and explicate the conditions whose satisfaction will amount to knowledge. Familiarly, one of these crucial conditions is justification. The problems facing the justification of knowledge-claims can best and most powerfully be descr...

A CBR system needs a good case retention strategy to decide which cases to incorporate into the case base in order to maximize the performance of the system. In this work we present a collaborative case retention strategy, designed for multiagent CBR systems, called the Collaborative Case Bargaining strategy. The CCB strategy is a bargaining mechanism in which each CBR agent tries to maximize t...

Justifying the truth value of a goal resulting from query evaluation of a logic program corresponds to providing evidence, in terms of a proof, for this truth. In an earlier work we introduced the notion of justification [8] and gave an algorithm for justifying tabled logic programs by post-processing the memo tables created during evaluation. A conservatve justifier such as the one described i...