Susan G. Komen for the Cure asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to perform a comprehensive review of environmental causes and risk factors for breast cancer. Interestingly, none of the consumer products (ie, bisphenol A, phthalates), industrial chemicals (ie, benzene, ethylene oxide), or pesticides (ie, DDT/DDE) considered could be conclusively linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, al...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)—affecting an estimated 10 million people worldwide—results from a bump or blow to the head, or from external forces that cause the brain to move within the head, such as whiplash or exposure to blasts. TBI is a serious and growing problem, particularly among soldiers and veterans because of repeated exposure to violent environments. It can cause cognitive, physical,...

Purpose The aim of the study was to locate the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the infraorbital margin (IOM) for proper injections of local anesthetics in skull specimens. Another aim was to determine the depth of needle penetration into pterygopalatine fossa through the greater palatine canal (GPC). Materials and Methods 102 skull halves were used to measure the distances between (...

This paper highlights methods - other than legislative and regulatory directives - through which decision-makers may use law and the legal system to facilitate the systems-wide change that the IOM calls for.

Over a decade ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) presented Ensuring Quality Cancer Care in the United States, with recommendations for change (IOM, 1999). However, barriers to integrating palliative care (PC) to achieve high-quality care in cancer still remain. As novel therapeutic agents evolve, patients are living longer, and advanced cancer is now considered a chronic illness. In addition ...

BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during fetal development can increase the risk of adverse health effects during childhood. Maternal characteristics and physiological changes during gestation, such as gestational weight gain (GWG), may have an influence in the overall burden of POPs in neonates. However, the associations between GWG and POP concentrations are still no...

In 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) estimated that between 44,000 and 98,000 people die each year as a result of medical errors. The IOM report further states, ‘‘given current knowledge about the magnitude of the problem, the committee believes it would be irresponsible to expect anything less than a 50% reduction in errors over five years’’ (Kohn, Corrigan, &Donaldson, 2000, p. 4). Ten ye...

The intraocular magnet (IOM) is a new device based on permanent magnetism providing controlled energy for removal of magnetic intraocular foreign bodies. Its use is reported in 11 cases.

A recent report from Institute of Medicine (IOM)1 along with misinterpretation of its findings by the press2 has generated considerable confusion among the general public, scientists, and policy makers about the health effects of sodium reduction. A subsequent communication by members of the IOM committee summarized the report’s findings in an attempt to clarify their position.3 The purpose of ...

(2), in the view of 2 of the IOM study committee members (Appendix) and a colleague who is involved in evaluation of Kaiser Permanente's Community Health Initiatives. " In addition, the Acknowledgment was omitted. It should have appeared as follows: Acknowledgment