the muscle-like technology would be of enormous advantages for biomedical applications such as medical implants and human assist devices. ionic polymer metal composites (ipmcs) are one kind of biomimetic actuators. an ionic polymer metal composite composed from an ionomer with high ion exchange capacity that packed between two thin metal layers. in the present study we focused on the preparatio...

The aim of this study is to assess the main climatic characteristics and their impact on hydrological regime at watershed hydrodynamic functioning aquifer in Eastern Mitidja plain (Algeria, 2,382 millions km2). In detail, specific objectives are determine recharge mode aquifer, propose solutions for groundwater overexploitation remedy seawater problem its northeastern part. application three st...

Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs) consist of two noble metal electrodes plating an electroactive polymeric membrane, referred to as ionomer, which is electroneutralised by a solvent including mobile ions. The IPMC manufacturing leads thin interphase regions next the electrodes, so-called Composite Layers (CLs), in atoms occupy interstitial sites within ionomer. In this work we extend previ...

Abstract Cracks in polymer composites can lead to premature failure, which be disastrous for polymer-based energy storage devices. Detecting these cracks is essential guarantee the reliability and safety of such However, detecting composite polymers as ionic metal (IPMCs) a challenging task, makes it difficult ensure their performance safety. The overall goal this study investigate effect or da...

in biological swimming have stimulated extensive theoretical, experimental, and computational research by biologists, mathematicians, and engineers, in an effort to understand and mimic locomotion, maneuvering, and sensing mechanisms adopted by aquatic animals. Over the past two decades, there has also been significant interest in developing underwater robots that propel and maneuver themselves...

An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) consisting of a thin perfluorinated ionomer (usually, Nafion or Flemion) strip, platinum, and/or gold plated on both faces and neutralized by a certain amount of appropriate cations undergoes large bending motion when, in a hydrated state, a small electric field is applied across its thickness. When the same membrane is suddenly bent, a small voltage of t...

Application of Rotational Isomeric State (RIS) theory to the prediction of Young’s modulus of a solvated ionomer is considered. RIS theory directly addresses polymer chain conformation as it relates to mechanical response trends. Successful adaptation of this methodology to the prediction of elastic moduli would thus provide a powerful tool for guiding ionomer fabrication. The Mark-Curro Monte ...