In the area of e-commerce of multimedia content, protection and management of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is a key issue. Using a broker as intermediary between copyrighted material purchasers and content providers helps, apart from increasing the market perspectives, to improve the way of handling the IPR aspects. The conditions in which multimedia content is sold may vary from one case...

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C(11)H(19)N(2)P)(2)]PF(6), is composed of discrete [Cu(PN-iPr)(2)](+) cations [PN-iPr is 2-(diisopropyl-phosphanyl-amino)-pyridine] and PF(6) (-) anions. The Cu(I) atom is bis-chelated by two independent PN-iPr ligands. It has a distorted tetra-hedral coordination by two P atoms [Cu-P = 2.2277 (4) and 2.2257 (4) Å] and two pyridine N atoms [Cu-N ...

The synthesis and co-ordination chemistry of a new 'bulky yet flexible' N-heterocyclic carbene ("IPaul") is reported. This carbene has spatially-defined steric impact; steric maps show that two quadrants are very bulky while the other two are quite open. The electronic properties of this carbene are very similar to those of other 1,3-diarylimidazol-2-ylidenes. Copper, silver, iridium, and nicke...

This paper develops a quality ladder model in which the technology gap between the North and the South is endogenously determined. Foreign direct investments (FDI) occur cyclically: New FDI arrives if and only if the technology gap reaches some threshold. A stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) in the South discourages imitation and reduces the FDI cycle length. A smaller market size and ...

Reengineering has become synonymous with major change in organizations. This paper develops theoretical underpinnings for the concept of Interorganizational Process Reengineering (IPR), the redesign of processes across organizational boundaries, encompassing the norms and values of more than one organization. This is done by examining existing reengineering, interorganizational, and general sys...

The paper describes a model and an implementation of a system to negotiate and manage Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for the electronic commerce of multimedia products such as video sequences, photos, images, music, documents, etc. This could also be used in the context of electronic publishing services like electronic production of books or multimedia CDROMs. The system considers issues fr...

Fear of legal claims on intellectual property rights (IPRs) sometimes paralyzes standards processes. IPR procedures of standards bodies address such problems. However, by default unresolved problems will be addressed by the legal regime. The process of Java‘ standardization, which is a red thread in this article, well illustrates what may happen. In case of conflict between IPRs and compatibili...

BACKGROUND Limited data are available to assess human exposure to thousands of chemicals currently in commerce. Information that relates human intake of a chemical to its production and use can help inform understanding of mechanisms and pathways that control exposure and support efforts to protect public health. OBJECTIVES We introduce the intake-to-production ratio (IPR) as an economy-wide ...

What form of intellectual property rights (IPR) policy contributes to economic growth? Should a company with a large technology lead receive the same IPR protection as a company with a more limited advantage? Should followers be able to license the products of technology leaders? We develop a general equilibrium framework to investigate these questions. The economy consists of many industries a...