hey climb walls and scuttle upside down across ceilings, dive to the ocean floor to feed on algae, even glide through the air from treetops. Some, with no limbs and extremely long tails, look like snakes; others are snakes. Many are nearly invisible in their home habitats; others announce their presence to their neighbors and warn off potential rivals by flashing colorful dewlaps, or fanlike st...

31 Snake's numerous fascinating features distinctive from other tetrapods necessitate a rich 32 history of genome evolution that is still obscure. To address this, we report the first 33 high-quality genome of a viper, Deinagkistrodon acutus and comparative analyses using 34 other species from major snake and lizard lineages. We map the evolution trajectories of 35 transposable elements (TEs), ...

It is a well-known phenomenon that islands can support populations of gigantic or dwarf forms of mainland conspecifics, but the variety of explanatory hypotheses for this phenomenon have been difficult to disentangle. The highly venomous Australian tiger snakes (genus Notechis) represent a well-known and extreme example of insular body size variation. They are of special interest because there ...

UNLABELLED At present there is no well structured database available for the venomous snakes and venom composition of snakes in the world although venom has immense importance in biomedical research. Searching for a specific venom component from NCBI, PDB or public databases is troublesome, because they contain huge amount of data entries. Therefore, we created a database named "ISOB" which is ...

Active contours or snakes are widely used in object segmentation for their ability to integrate features extraction and pixel candidate linking in a single energy minimizing process. But the sensitivity to parameters values and initialization is also a widely known problem. Performance of snakes can be enhanced by better initialization close to the desired solution. We present here a ne mouth r...

Eighteen snakes representing 11 species were subject to mouth swabbing on 58 occasions. Of these swabs, 52.2% were positive for bacteria. A total of 92 bacterial isolates were cultured, representing 30 species of which 81.5% were Enterobacteriaceae, 16.3% gram positive cocci, and 2.2% anaerobes. Swabs from non-venomous snakes were more commonly bacteriologically sterile than those from venomous...

Data on viral infections in apparently healthy snake collections in Germany were obtained with respect to husbandry conditions and health status. Samples from 100 boid snakes (from 14 collections) were examined microbiologically and for the presence of paramyxoviruses (PMVs) using RT-PCR. Blood was tested for the presence of antibodies against PMV, adenovirus and reovirus and for inclusion bodi...

snakes is a general purpose Petri nets library, primarily for the Python programming language but portable to other ones. It defines a very general variant of Python-coloured Petri nets that can be created and manipulated through the library, as well as executed to explore state spaces. Thanks to a variety of plugins, snakes can handle extensions of Petri nets, in particular algebras of Petri n...

Deformable models have recently been accepted as a standard technique to segment diierent features in facial images. Despite they give a good approximation of the salient features in a facial image, the resulting shapes of the segmentation process seem somewhat artiicial with respect to the natural feature shapes. In this paper we show that active contour models (in particular, rubber snakes) g...

The primary predators of primates are all ambush hunters, and yet felids, raptors, and snakes differ in aspects of their ecology that affect the evasive strategies of their primate prey. Felids and raptors can traverse long distances quickly, thus the urgency of threat they present increases as they come closer in proximity to primates. In contrast, snakes do not move rapidly over long distance...