Turbulent flows with chemical reactions can be seen in various fields. Therefore, it is important to establish numerical methods to predict turbulent reactive flows. Reynolds-averaged approach is often used for predictions of reactive flows. In this approach, Reynolds-averaged scalar transport equations are solved by using models for a turbulent mass flux and an averaged production rate ...

background: chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until its last stages and though it is increasing globally, we are faced with paucity of a population-based model to assess this disease, particularly in developing countries. therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and trends of ckd according to a new estimation method.   methods: using multiplier method, we estimated t...

We study the difference equation xn = [( f × g1 + g2 +h)/(g1 + f × g2 +h)](xn−1, . . . ,xn−r), n = 1,2, . . . , x1−r , . . . ,x0 > 0, where f ,g1,g2 : (R+) → R+ and h : (R+) → [0,+∞) are all continuous functions, and min1≤i≤r{ui,1/ui} ≤ f (u1, . . . ,ur) ≤ max1≤i≤r{ui,1/ui}, (u1, . . . ,ur) T ∈ (R+) . We prove that this difference equation admits c = 1 as the globally asymptotically stable equi...

The existing literature assumes that unemployment insurance (UI) a↵ects the labor market through the job finding rate of eligible workers. I argue that this focus is too narrow. I show evidence for UI e↵ects through three other margins: (i) search externalities; (ii) takeup of other welfare state programs; and (iii) job separations. This suggests that the analysis of optimal UI should take a mo...

BACKGROUND Dietary risk factors constitute some of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Iran. The current study reports the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to a low omega-3 fatty acids intake in Iran using the data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2010. METHODS We used data on Iran for the years 1990, 2005, and 2010 derived from the GBD Study c...

OBJECTIVES After participating in the CME activity, primary care physicians should be able to: 1. Understand the importance of identifying and treating urinary incontinence (UI) in the elderly 2. Know the components of a basic evaluation in the patient with UI symptoms and know when further evaluation is indicated 3. Identify reversible and nonreversible causes of UI 4. Know the clinical subtyp...

Many Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients do not find new jobs before exhausting their benefits, even when benefits are extended during recessions. Using Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) panel data covering the 2001 and 2007 to 2009 recessions and their aftermaths, we identify individuals whose jobless spells outlasted their UI benefits (exhaustees) and examine household inco...

BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) is most common in older women. METHODS We studied the prevalence of UI among female residents of nursing homes and the influence of associated neuropsychiatric problems on the rates of UI using the results of the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS). RESULTS Analysis shows that 37% of female nursing home residents are incontinent, especially those wi...