This paper presents the results of mathematical and physical modeling interaction waves with wave chamber on cylindrical supports upper part in form a permeable waterfront. On basis diffraction model refraction transformation near structure is carried out. In presence structure, co-accompanied by phenomena destruction at edges partial reflection residual from walls protective front. Reflection ...

This is a colloquium-style introduction to two electronic processes in a carbon monolayer (graphene), each having an analogue in relativistic quantum mechanics. Both processes couple electron-like and hole-like states, through the action of either a superconducting pair potential or an electrostatic potential. The first process, Andreev reflection, is the electron-to-hole conversion at the inte...

An integrated total internal reflection prism is demonstrated that generates a transversely localized evanescent wave along the boundary between a photonic crystal and an etched out trench. The reflection can be described by either the odd symmetry of the Bloch wave or a tangential momentum matching condition. In addition, the Bloch wave propagates through the photonic crystal in a negative ref...

We have developed a new Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique by use of reflection geometry for determining particle / pore size distribution in thin film. In order to avoid strong specular reflection, we used offset scan (2θ / θ+δθ) for measuring scattering data. To deal with reflection and refraction at surface and interfaces, we calculated X-ray wave field in the film based on Distor...

Specimens of precious underwater creatures are preserved in transparent vessels with liquid. It is important to measure three-dimensional shape of submerged objects. When measuring submerged objects by image measurement, refraction of light should be considered. This problem can be solved by ray tracing, but the 3D coordinates of the vessel are necessary. In this paper, we propose a method of m...

The radiance structure inside the glass sphere (Figure 1) results from total internal reflection that allows light to reach points that are otherwise in shadow due to refraction perturbing light paths towards the center. The hard boundaries of these structures mark the narrow stripes where light travels around the sphere several times by total internal reflection, after it just managed to enter...

Mach stem formation during outdoor acoustic shock propagation is investigated using spherical oxyacetylene balloons exploded above pavement. The location of the transition point from regular to irregular reflection and the path of the triple point are experimentally resolved using microphone arrays and a high-speed camera. The transition point falls between recent analytical work for weak irreg...

From geometrical optics, the laws of reflection and refraction, ray tracing techniques, conservation of energy within a bundle of rays, and the condition of constant optical path length provide a foundation for design of laser beam shaping systems. Geometrical optics design methods are presented for shaping the irradiance profile of both rotationally and rectangular symmetric laser beams. Appli...

Abstract The reflection and refraction due to generalized thermoelastic incident Pand SVwaves at a plane interface between two dissimilar half spaces of visco-thermoelasitic materials have been investigated. Magnitude of coefficient ratios for both the cases of Pand SVwaves have been found out. Several graphs have been drawn to study the nature of variation of the amplitude ratios when the angl...

Objective: To calculate wave response in an offshore or coastal harbor of arbitrary shape, this research develops a two-dimensional linear, inviscid, dispersive, hybrid finite element harbor resonance model using conservation of energy approach. Based on the mild-slope wave equation, the numerical model includes wave refraction, diffraction, and reflection. The model also incorporates the effec...