It is essential to generate multi-resolution Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) models dynamically and efficiently in three-dimensional (3D) visualization, virtual reality, and geographic information systems (GIS), because the data that needs to be processed is multiple in scale and large in volume. This paper proposes a new method, which extends the edge collapse and vertex split algorithms,...

Ground filtering is necessary in processing airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds for forestry applications. This study proposes a progressive plane (PPDF) method. First, the method uses multi-scale planes to characterize terrain, i.e., local terrain with large slope variations represented by small-scale planes, vice versa. The are detected random sample consensus decreasing...

The ability to read the human terrain is an invaluable skill set developed by Warfighters to identify irregular behavior in any environment. Traditional training methods (i.e., classroom-based instruction) have evolved to include SimulationBased Training (SBT). SBT allows virtual representation of behavioral cues for enhancing combat training skills. Accurately modeling human behavior cues in a...

By examining key locomotor parameters during terrestrial locomotion on a substrate without irregularities, we show that rats frequently accelerate and decelerate between two consecutive steps while maintaining an overall steady speed and that the touchdown order of contralateral limbs significantly influences those speed adjustments. The latter highly correlates with significant adjustments in ...

The EO Propagation objectives are: 1) investigate, develop and evaluate fine and coarse mode aerosol models and their effects on visibility and target detection in visible and IR wavelengths 2) Integrate and develop simple, realistic extinction, scintillation and refractivity models for infrared propagation near the ocean surface, 3) develop and evaluate advanced marine radiance models that are...

Many colour maps provided by vendors have highly uneven perceptual contrast over their range. It is not uncommon for colour maps to have perceptual flat spots that can hide a feature as large as one tenth of the total data range. Colour maps may also have perceptual discontinuities that induce the appearance of false features. Previous work in the design of perceptually uniform colour maps has ...

This paper considers the cost of preprocessing a digital terrain model (DTM) represented as a trian-gulated irregular network (TIN) so that drainage queries|e.g., what is the watershed of a query point, or how much water passes through a point given that rain is falling at a known rate|can be answered by simply evaluating a summary function. Although the worst-case storage and preprocessing cos...

Approximate scale-invariance and local regularity properties of natural terrains suggest that they can be a accurately modeled with random processes which are locally fractal. Current models for terrain modeling include fractional and multifractional Brownian motion. Though these processes have proved useful, they miss an important feature of real terrains: typically, the local regularity of a ...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the geosynchronous orbit has the advantage in remote sensing, with high resolution to provide a large coverage in a short visit time. the space-variant coverage and range-azimuth couple of GEO SAR are required to compensate, using the electrical beam steering, the irregular data acquisition can be convert to classical SAR modes, such as stripmap, spotlight, sli...

Geometric routing using source–destination locations has been suggested as a scalable alternative to conventional routing approaches in mobile ad hoc networks. Prior studies have shown that the location of a destination can be found efficiently in large/dense ad hoc networks using intelligent location management schemes by recruiting nodes in specific unit regions of the terrain as location ser...