This study aimed to evaluate the influence of irrigation needle gauge and design, and the final root canal diameter on the apical cleaning efficacy. Twelve human mandibular incisors were used. At different stages of root canal widening (sizes 20, 30 and 40 K-files), root canals were filled with radiopaque contrast medium. Four different needles were evaluated: 23G with side opening, 22G with ap...

INTRODUCTION Open fractures are widely considered as orthopaedic emergencies requiring immediate intervention. The initial management of these injuries usually affects the ultimate outcome because open fractures may be associated with significant morbidity. Wound irrigation forms one of the pivotal principles in the treatment of open fractures. The choice of irrigation fluid has since been a so...

canola genotypes reaction to stopping irrigation was surveyed. this experiment was carried out as a split plot randomized block design whit three replications in the safiabad argicultural research center for two years. main plot was considered of different levels of stopping  irrigation (stopping irrigation at the ending flowering, poding, 10%  and 30% ripening of pods in main stem ) and sub pl...

Surgical-site infection is a common form of noscomial infection that can occur in fractures following internal fixation. Treatment of these infections has traditionally included preserving stable implants via debridement and antibiotic administration while the fracture is healing. Recent evidence indicated that this algorithm results in less-than-optimal rates of fracture union and infection er...

Crop production is a process of multiple inputs (water and nutrients, etc.), and the relationships between the inputs and crop yield are very complex. This study used a model for data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation-fertilization schemes for winter wheat in North China. The field experiments were conducted at the Xiaohe Irrigation Experiment Station in Centra...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of a sonic device (Vibringe), syringe irrigation, and passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of debris from simulated root canal irregularities. METHODS Root canals with 2 standardized grooves in the apical and coronal parts were filled with dentin debris. Three different irrigation procedures were performed with NaOCl (1%...

The present study aims to assess the effect of Thiobacillus and sulfur on morphological and biochemical properties of medicinal pumpkinproperties under deficit irrigation based on a split-plot design. For this purpose, water stress was applied as a main factor in three levels (control, no irrigation in flowering stage, no irrigation in fruiting), and Thiobacillus and sulfur fertilizers as sub-p...