The pion multiplicity per participating nucleon in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at the energies 2–15 A·GeV is significantly smaller than in nucleon–nucleon interactions at the same collision energy. This effect of pion suppression is argued to appear due to the evolution of the system produced at the early stage of heavy–ion collisions towards a local thermodynamic equilibrium and further...

The cquatioii for steady two-dimcnsional mountain w a ~ c s is csprcsscd in the isentropic coordinates. An elliptic equation for thc fiiiitc ainplitudc vertical motion ficld is solved by a numerical marching schemc in atmospheres with varying shcar and stability.

This paper discusses Rossby wave breaking on the isentropic surfaces that intersect the subtropical tropopause, using winds and isentropic potential vorticity from high-resolution meteorological analysis. The focus is both on particular aspects of individual wave breaking events, as well as on more general aspects such as the spatial and temporal distribution of the mixing associated with these...

During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board the high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the altitude range up to 20 km (or up to 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning the entire TTL region roughly extending between 350 and 420 K. Here, analysis of transport...

The solution properties of a variety of different sapid substances from all four basic taste modalities, namely, sweet (n = 24), salty (n = 7), sour (n = 11) and bitter (n = 2), have been investigated. Some multisapophoric molecules, i.e. molecules exhibiting more than one taste, have also been included in the study in an attempt to define their properties in relation to the tastes they exhibit...

Tapio Schneider Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University Isaac M. Held Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA Introduction. The static stability @z  and the meridional gradient @y  of the longitudinally averaged potential temperature  both play prominent roles in theories for baroclinic eddy uxes (Stone 1972; Green 1970). Despite much ongoing work, there is still n...

mobile robot navigation is one of the basic problems in robotics. in this paper, a new approachis proposed for autonomous mobile robot navigation in an unknown environment. the proposedapproach is based on learning virtual parallel paths that propel the mobile robot toward the trackusing a multi-layer, feed-forward neural network. for training, a human operator navigates themobile robot in some...

4 Pseudomomentum and pseudoenergy are both measures of wave activity for disturbances 5 in a fluid, relative to a notional background state. Together they give information on the 6 propagation, growth and decay of disturbances. Wave activity conservation laws are most 7 readily derived for the primitive equations on the sphere by using isentropic coordinates. 8 However, the intersection of isen...

Transport pathways of air originating in the uppertropospheric Asian monsoon anticyclone are investigated based on three-dimensional trajectories. The Asian monsoon anticyclone emerges in response to persistent deep convection over India and southeast Asia in northern summer, and this convection is associated with rapid transport from the surface to the upper troposphere and possibly into the s...

The sensitivities of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) to different distributions of tropical SST heating are investigated in an idealized aquaplanet model. It is found that an increase in tropical SSTs generally leads to an acceleration of tropical upwelling and an associated reduction in the age of air (AOA) in the polar stratosphere and that the AOA near the subtropical tropopause is corre...