Mundlak shows that the fixed effects estimator is equivalent to random in one-way error component model once individual are modeled as a linear function of all averaged regressors over time. In spirit Mundlak, this paper result also holds for two-way and time functions across individuals. Wooldridge can be obtained pooled OLS with augmented by averages calls it estimator. While used GLS rather ...

In this paper, we derive the asymptotic properties of estimators obtained from various kinds loss functions in covariance structure analysis. We first show that except for OLS-based have same distribution when dimension matrix, p, is fixed and sample size n tends to infinity. Then, focusing on spherical model, equivalence does not hold both p become larger. Specifically, some lose consistency, ...

This article surveys J. D. Sargan’s work on instrumental variables (IV) estimation and its connections with the generalized method of moments (GMM). First the modeling context in which Sargan motivated IV estimation is presented. Then the theory of IV estimation as developed by Sargan is discussed. His approach to efficiency, his minimax estimator, tests of overidentification and underidentific...

Parameter ensembles or sets of random effects constitute one of the cornerstones of modern statistical practice. This is especially the case in Bayesian hierarchical models, where several decision theoretic frameworks can be deployed to optimise the estimation of parameter ensembles. The reporting of such ensembles in the form of sets of point estimates is an important concern in epidemiology, ...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bloodstream infections (BSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine the hospital costs and length of stay attributable to VRE BSI and vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus (VSE) BSI and the independent effect of vancomycin resistance on hospital costs. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of...

Aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic incompetence (AI) are common aortic valve diseases. Both may deteriorate into irreversible myocardial dysfunction and will increase the risk of sudden death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the early variation trend of left ventricular function by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) in the patients who underwent cardiac surgeries f...

Gray leaf spot [GLS, causal agent Cercospora zeae-maydis (Tehon and E. Y. Daniels)] is an important fungal disease of maize in the U.S. and worldwide. The IBM population, an advanced intercross recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the maize lines Mo17 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible), was evaluated in three environments (Andrews, NC in 2005, 2006, and 2007) for resis...

A time domain simulation algorithm for the investigation of propagation properties of nonlinear Surface-PlasmonPolaritons (SPP) mode through gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) layer in Ag-GLS-Ag waveguide is presented. GLS, a semiconducting chalcogenide glass is known as ultrafast nonlinear device due to their high material non-linearity with strong confinement and dispersion. The time domain sim...

Background and Objective: Obesity is one of the problems associated with cardiovascular complications. Patients' heart function improves after sleeve gastrectomy. Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) is one of the methods used to monitor heart function before and after sleeve gastrectomy.  In this study, we evaluated the echocardiographic parameters pre and post sleeve gastrectomy. Materials and M...

This paper compares the economic questions addressed by instrumental variables estimators with those addressed by structural approaches. We discuss Marschak's Maxim: estimators should be selected on the basis of their ability to answer well-posed economic problems with minimal assumptions. A key identifying assumption that allows structural methods to be more informative than IV can be tested w...