Background :Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common chronic rheumatic diseases in children with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. It also has no diagnostic test and its clinical diagnosis is made through ruling out other types of arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) in the serum of JIA patients and to compare it with th...

Comparison of gene silencing in tissues and whole organisms shows intriguing similarities between plants and animals (Cohen and Xiong, 2011; Hyun et al., 2011; Jose et al., 2011; Melnyk et al., 2011; Molnar et al., 2011) despite that they are very different from each other in many aspects related to the cell-to-cell communications (Ritzenthaler, 2011). Interestingly, one of the shared mechanism...

INTRODUCTION Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that enable the brain to send and receive information to and from a computer, bypassing the body’s own efferent and afferent pathways. BCIs have been used in experimental animal models to augment perception, motor control and even memory (Velliste et al., 2008; Berger et al., 2011; Torab et al., 2011). Human BCIs include cochlear implant...

background :juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) is one of the most common chronic rheumatic diseases in children with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. it also has no diagnostic test and its clinical diagnosis is made through ruling out other types of arthritis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of ada (adenosine deaminase) in the serum of jia patients and to compare it with that...

This paper and its predecessor, Wang et al. (2011), analyze the same data set and discussing same topic, i.e. new particle formation events observed during the 2008 summer campaign in Beijing, China. The underlying hypotheses of the two papers are different; Wang et al. (2011) considered sulfuric acid as the single precursor of new particles, whereas Wang et al. (2013) suggested organics were a...

Several important issues must be taken into consideration when assessing layer-hen welfare. These include food, shelter, freedom from pain and disease, and the degree to which hens can express natural behaviours and cope with sometimes stressful environments (Lay et al., 2011). In layer hens, skeletal health issues are of growing welfare concern due to their violation of two of these principles...

In their recent paper, Chang et al. (2012) explained some inconsistencies in the results for the number of insular cortex clusters. They reported three insular clusters, one anterior dorsal, one posterior dorsal, and one middle-anterior ventral. In a previous paper (Cauda et al. 2011) on the same subject, we parcellated the insula into two clusters, one anterior ventral and one posterior dorsal...

A 2011 publication by Boberg et al. entitled "Reproductive and behavioral effects of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) in perinatally exposed rats" [1] reported statistically significant changes in sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, anogenital distance and retained nipples in developing males. Using the statistical methods as reported by Boberg et al. (2011) [1], we reanalyzed the publicall...

For many years, an abstract, amodal semantic magnitude representation, largely independent of verbal linguistic representations, has been viewed as the core numerical or mathematical representation (Dehaene and Cohen, 1995). This assumption has been substantially challenged in recent years (e.g., Miura and Okamoto, 2003; Nuerk et al., 2004, 2005; Dowker et al., 2008; Colomé et al., 2010; Helmre...

In the previous issue of AJP an article under the title of "Reduction of serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats by Guar gum" was published (Samarghandian et al., 2011), which raised some question to be discussed more. In the “Animal Experimental Procedure” section, for induction of hypercholesterolemia, rats have been fed a chow supplemented with 18% corn oil. This diet is absolutely a ...