Any linear transformation can be represented by its matrix representation. In an ideal situation, all linear operators can be represented by a diagonal matrix. However, in the real world, there exist many linear operators that are not diagonalizable. This gives rise to the need for developing a system to provide a beautiful matrix representation for a linear operator that is not diagonalizable....

BACKGROUND Little is known about the development of cross-reactive antibodies following natural exposure to pathogens. Such knowledge is critical in the development of new universal influenza vaccines. METHODS To study the possibility of the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to influenza viruses which underwent a major antigenic drift between the years 1999 and 2007 sera from samples of 8...

From 2002-2005, Panama experienced a malaria epidemic that has been associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation weather patterns, decreased funding for malaria control, and landscape modification. Case numbers quickly decreased afterward, and Panama is now in the pre-elimination stage of malaria eradication. To achieve this new goal, the characterization of epidemiological risk factors, foci o...

Panama disease of banana, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is a serious constraint both to the commercial production of banana and cultivation for subsistence agriculture. Previous work has indicated that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense consists of several clonal lineages that may be genetically distant. In this study we tested whether lineages of the Panama disease pathogen ...

In recent decades, European countries have developed concepts, definitions, and construction technologies for Zero Energy Building (ZEB) that are effective correspond to their specific climates. Latin American still trying find adequate solutions which respond the local climatic, cultural, social, technical, economic context. As such, this paper aims establish basis of minimum energy efficiency...

Let A be a unital R-algebra and M be a unital A-bimodule. It is shown that every Jordan derivation of the trivial extension of A by M, under some conditions, is the sum of a derivation and an antiderivation.

Let $A$ be a unital $C^{*}$-algebra which has a faithful state. If $varphi:Arightarrow A$ is a unital linear map which is bijective and invertibility preserving or surjective and spectral radius preserving, then $varphi$ is a Jordan isomorphism. Also, we discuss other types of linear preserver maps on $A$.

An infeasible interior-point algorithm for mixed symmetric cone linear complementarity problems is proposed. Using the machinery of Euclidean Jordan algebras and Nesterov-Todd search direction, the convergence analysis of the algorithm is shown and proved. Moreover, we obtain a polynomial time complexity bound which matches the currently best known iteration bound for infeasible interior-point ...

This theory provides a compact formulation of Gauss-Jordan elimination for matrices represented as functions. Its distinctive feature is succinctness. It is not meant for large computations. 1 Gauss-Jordan elimination algorithm theory Gauss-Jordan-Elim-Fun imports Main begin Matrices are functions: type-synonym ′a matrix = nat ⇒ nat ⇒ ′a In order to restrict to finite matrices, a matrix is usua...

BACKGROUND The role of meteorological factors on influenza transmission in the tropics is less defined than in the temperate regions. We assessed the association between influenza activity and temperature, specific humidity and rainfall in 6 study areas that included 11 departments or provinces within 3 tropical Central American countries: Guatemala, El Salvador and Panama. METHOD/FINDINGS Lo...