article 63 of islamic penal law defines adultery as: “copulation of a man with a woman who is essentially unlawful (ḥarām) to him, although in dubur (back), in cases other than misapprehended consummation.” clause 1 of article 1-221 of the new suggested bill, confirming the content of the above article, has also mentioned: “copulation is effected by the insertion of a male’s sex organ into a fe...

Between the mid-fifteenth and late seventeenth centuries, Europe saw a flurry of demonological texts by theologians jurists, outlining beliefs, theology prosecution methods for accused witches at peak European witch craze. While these have been heart many examinations history early modern witchcraft their presentation magical belief, demonologies also provide vital windows into concepts space l...

introduction: to draw a general picture of the current iranian-law and shiah fiqh position as to the assisted reproduction: -whether allowed or not, - and, to show how and what changes could occur in this field. materials and methods: examination of the iranian legislation and judicial decisions, consideration of jurisprudential verdicts of the eminent shiah jurists and interpretation of the or...

Abstract The author makes brief Considerations on the Treatment of Theme Relationship Between New Technologies and Private Law. In particular, she believes that criticism Lessig’s statement according to which “the values real-space sovereigns will at first lose out” is correct, adding, however, one must monitor evolution new technologies. We are, in fact, crossroads a technological revolution w...

Dániel Irányi is one of the most important jurists and politicians Hungary in era dualism. From 1848 to 1892 he was a member Hungarian National Assembly. The life work statesman exemplary. Because his perseverance, called Cato. I present 24-year struggle Parliament for freedom religion civil marriage. His continuous efforts gained meaning 1869 by submission bill on religious freedom, but receiv...

The method of paired comparisons (PC) endeavors to rank treatments presented in pairs panelists (or respondents, judges, jurists, etc.) and they have select the better one based on sensory evaluations. Sometimes situations may occur when cannot discriminate between declare a tie. In this study, an effort is made extend Weibull PC model accommodate ties. extended analyzed using Bayesian paradigm...

Edward Coke’s Prohibitions del Roy (1608) at first sight seems a typically English discourse: common law judge arguing for the independence of courts from his king and conciliar civil jurists. A closer look European position reveals another picture, however. Compared with discussions by (near) contemporaries Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca, Jean Bodin, Hugo Groot, it turns out that plea fits neatl...

Abstract This article traces juristic debates on the ethics of masturbation from formative period Islamic law to early nineteenth century. I document appearance discussions practice in earliest extant sources and explore how figures Sunnī Šīʿī ḥadīṯ corpora with attention regional patterns dissemination. also address terminology used by jurists point material encyclopaedias, adab other works wh...

Abstract In this article we investigate the relationship between legal translation and interpretation. The common wisdom is that these activities are closely related, but nature of remains disputable. We adopt perspective theory—as opposed to studies—which seems be underrepresented in literature subject. start with distinguishing two notions interpretation: wide sense (interpretation as underst...