BACKGROUND Substance misuse is associated with cognitive dysfunction. We used a stop signal task to examine deficits in cognitive control in individuals with opioid dependence (OD). We examined how response inhibition and post-error slowing are compromised and whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), abstinence duration, and psychiatric comorbidity are related to these measures in individ...

Judicial decisions established legal standards for prison conditions and the treatment of prisoners. Prisoners used the litigation process to seek judicial enforcement of these rights-based standards that restricted the autonomy previously enjoyed by correctional officials. Judicial intervention into corrections transformed corrections by pushing all correctional institutions to become professi...

Much of the literature on microfinance performance has concentrated on the effects of institution-specific practices, but there have been comparatively few attempts to analyze how the broader economic environment affects the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Drawing on the work of Ahlin and Lin (2006), who find that numerous macroeconomic indicators affect MFI performance, this p...

This study examined the influence of group climate on empathy in a Dutch youth correctional facility in a sample of 59 incarcerated delinquent boys. Higher levels of empathy have been shown to be associated with less delinquent and more prosocial behaviour and may therefore be vital for successful rehabilitation and recidivism reduction. Although empathy was originally considered to be a trait,...

BACKGROUND Research conducted with forensic psychiatric patients found moderate correlations between violence in institutions and psychopathy. It is unclear though, whether the PCL-R is an accurate instrument for predicting aggressive behavior in prisons. Results seem to indicate that the instrument is better suited for predicting verbal rather than physical aggression of prison inmates. METH...

BACKGROUND Executive dysfunction appears to be related to increased recidivism. Of note is that sleep disturbances, which are highly prevalent in prisons, may attenuate executive functions. Thus, improving executive functions, either directly or indirectly through the improvement of sleep, may reduce recidivism. It is hypothesised that physical exercise, in the form of Running Therapy, has a di...

October 11, 2016 People face a multitude of barriers when attempting to transition to the community from correctional or forensic institutions, including symptom management, substance abuse, and weak social ties. However, labeling and stigma processes has not been conceptualized as a barrier to successful transition in and of itself. A systematic review was conducted to collect and synthesize t...

Editorial V The ILO Declaration and the supervisory mechanisms Core labour standards: A level playing field for all countries, Relevance of fundamental principles and rights and the dynamics of international labour standards, by Jean-Claude Javillier 4 Fundamental rights at work: A greater role for trade unions, Trade union rights at the dawn of the millennium: An overview, by Janek Kuczkiewicz...

A course in "Street Law" was taught to forensic patients by law students, following a format used by Georgetown University Law Center. Although the course has been taught to high school students and inmates of correctional facilities, this was the first time it has been extended to mental patients found not guilty of crimes by reason of insanity. An outstanding feature of the course was marked ...

This study investigates the reliability and validity of the State-Trait-Anger-Expression-Inventory-2 (STAXI-2; in the German version by Rohrmann et al., 2013) in a sample of n=57 male inmates (aged 25-67 years). Internal consistencies reveal a high reliability of the STAXI-2 and subscale intercorrelations are close to those of the standardization sample. A confirmatory factor analysis confirms ...