We consider a problem for storing a map that associates a key with a set of values. To store n values from the universe of size m, it requires log2 ( m n ) bits of space, which can be approximated as (1.44 + n) log2 m/n bits when n ≪ m. If we allow ε fraction of errors in outputs, we can store it with roughly n log2 1 ε bits, which matches the entropy bound. Bloom filter is a wellknown example ...

The fluorescent unnatural amino acid, (7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)ethylglycine (HC), was site-specifically incorporated at the Phe69 site, close to the entrance of the selectivity filter of the NaK channel. Decreased fluorescence lifetime and elevated time-resolved anisotropy of NaK-F69HC in buffers with high K(+)/Na(+) molar ratios indicated the K(+) preference at the entrance of the NaK channel, ...

C o m m e n t a r y All known K + channels use the same molecular architecture to achieve K + selectivity. Selectivity filters, even from distantly related K + channels, appear nearly identical in atomic resolution crystal structures; remarkably, the deviation in the coordinates of K +-coordinating backbone carbonyls is less than the uncertainty in the mod-Brohawn et al., 2012). Although retain...

-Layered architecture is proposed for solving a class o f regularization problems in image processing. There are two major hurdles in the implementation of regularization filters with second or higher order smoothness constraints: ( a ) Stability: With second or higher order constraints, a direct implementation of a regularization filter necessitates negative conductance which, in turn, gives r...

In this paper, we propose an analytical and methodological comparison between two of the most known distance-based methods in the evaluation of the geographic concentration of economic activity. These two methods are Ripley’s K function, a cumulative function popularised by Marcon and Puech (2003) that counts the average number of neighbours of each point within a circle of a given radius, and ...

K e y w o r d s : Kalman Filter; Principal Component Analysis; Stellar Spectral Data; RBF Neural Networks. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n Current and future large astronomical surveys will yield multiparameter databases on millions or even billions of objects. The scientific exploitation of these will require powerful, robust, and automated classification tools tailored to the specific survey. Partl...

The K-band microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tunable band-pass filter, with a wide-frequency tunable range and miniature size, is able to fulfill the requirements of the multiband satellite communication systems. A novel 21.69–24.36 GHz MEMS tunable band-pass filter is designed, analyzed, fabricated and measured. This paper also designs and analyzes an inductively tuned slow-wave resonator,...

In 1960, R.E. Kalman published his famous paper describing a recursive solution to the discrete-data linear filtering problem. Since that time, due in large part to advances in digital computing, the Kalman filter has been the subject of extensive research and application, particularly in the area of autonomous or assisted navigation. The Kalman filter is a set of mathematical equations that pr...

Background: In CT systems, the machine utilizes a bowtie filter to shape the X-ray beam and remove lower energy photons. The shape of this bowtie filter is complicated and its geometry is often not available in detail. These renders the CT dose index (CTDI) to have different values in measurement versus Monte Carlo simulation studies and other analytical calculations especially in dosimetry of ...