This paper aims to contribute the current debates about role of religion in political process, and its importance for creation cohesion different national communities’ identities. It will analyse discussions occurred around concepts, conceptions, Nation, National Community (qaum), Religious (millat), Believers (umma), exploring different, sometimes opposing, ideas doctrines...

Abstract Mu'tazila is one of the schools kalam that appears in Islamic intellectual history. Although considered a heresy, Mu'tazilite scholars played an important role development various traditional disciplines. Initially, Western historians rationalism as anomaly However, studies show they are not only integral part tradition, but have also even influenced from thought next generation. This ...

This paper examines Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s understanding of metaphysical certainty in terms his theory ta’wīl (interpretation) while showing optimism attaining certainty. Rāzī, also known as the leader skeptics (shaykh al-mushakkikīn) Shiʻi sources, thoroughly criticizing philosophical and kalam traditions before him, remains a controversial figure among scholars. His critical thinking confound...

Ibn ‘Arabi is a great sufi master in the history of Islam that often misunderstood and revered yet defended theological matters. One Islamic scholars who context was Imam Abdul Wahhab Asy-Sya’rani. His book, entitled al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir fi Bayan ‘Aqaid al-Akabir, contained script beetwen kalam tasawuf especially an apology Sya’rani to defense according Futuhat al-Makkiyyah. This reseacrh f...

Community service is a process of self-empowerment for the benefit society. This based on problems that occur in community potential existing honey has not been optimized to become superior product. In addition, honey-producing bee farmers only produce one product, namely real honey. Gradually, this product certainly less attractive consumers even though production keeps continue. Therefore, it...

This study aims to produce a product in the form of guidebook for school principal surpervise the
 implementation Bible-based Integration curriculum Kalam Kudus Christian Primary School Surakarta.
 research approach only uses 7 10 steps Borg and Gall R & D developed by Sugiyono,
 namely potential problems, data collection, design, design validation, revision, testing
 re...

Tithing is a part of Christianity itself. Even so, the debate about teachings tithing among theologians still ongoing, giving rise to two opposing camps, pros, and cons with their respective reasons. As for what main core writing this research find out whether there an influence spirituality on tithing, if is, how much tithing. This study used sample 83 members Bethel Tabernacle Church in Surab...

Mathematics is presented in a variety of font types across materials (e.g., textbooks, online problems); however, little known about the effects type on students’ mathematical performance. Undergraduate students (N = 121) completed three tasks one-hour session one conditions: Times New Roman (n 45), Kalam 41), or handwriting 35). We examined whether impacted performance, as measured by accuracy...