While linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important parameter in genetics and evolutionary biology, the drivers of LD remain elusive. Using whole-genome sequences from across a species’ range, we assessed impact demographic history mating system on LD. Both range expansion shift outcrossing to selfing North American Arabidopsis lyrata were associated with increased average genome-wide Our results...

Forest connectivity is important for the range shifts and long-term persistence of forest-dependent species, especially in context climate change. This study assessed European forests species to track suitable conditions as warms. Here, was calculated temperature difference between each forest patch coolest that can be reached along gradients. We found that, overall, about 36% total forested ar...

background: corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine birds including crows, rooks, mag­pies, jays, chough, and ravens. these birds are migratory species, especially in the shortage of foods, so they can act like vectors for a wide range of microorganisms. they live generally in temper­ate climates and in a very close contact with human residential areas as well as poultry farms. there is no ...