Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), which consist of Autistic Disorder, Asperger Syndrome and PDD Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), are subsets of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) (1, 2). Obviously, ASDs are characterized by abnormalities in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive and stereotyped behaviors (3). Although various studies have been conducted in ASDs etiol...

“.......... Perhaps, in the future, there will be some African history to teach. But at present there is none, or very little: there is only the history of the Europeans in Africa. The rest is largely darkness............ And darkness is not a subject for history” – Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper. This chapter is necessitated so that similar comments to Trevor-Roper’s on African history would be avo...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental disorders which are thought primarily to affect social functioning. However, there is now a growing body of evidence that unusual sensory processing is at least a concomitant and possibly the cause of many of the behavioural signs and symptoms of ASD. A comprehensive and critical review of the phenomenological, empirical, neuroscientific and th...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions, affecting 1 in 68 children. Sleep disturbance, particularly insomnia, is very common in children diagnosed with ASD, with evidence supporting overlapping neurobiological and genetic underpinnings. Disturbed sleep exacerbates core and related ASD symptoms and has a substantial negative impact on the entire family. Treatmen...

CONTEXT Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of both autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits. However, little is known about the etiologic consistency of autistic traits across levels of severity. OBJECTIVE To compare the etiology of typical variation in autistic traits with extreme scoring groups (including top 1%) that mimicked the prevalence of diagnosed autism spec...

objective: the present study was carried out to study the relationship between sensation seeking and social skills in two groups of school age patients down-syndrome (ds) and autism disorder (ds).  methods: this is a descriptive-analytic and correlation study in which all participants were of primary school age (10 to 13 years) with down-syndrome and autism disorder of autism spectrum disorder ...

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by disturbance in language, perception and socialization. A variety of biochemical, anatomical and neuroradiographical studies imply a disturbance of brain energy metabolism in autistic patients. The underlying aetiology of the disturbed bioenergetics metabolism in autism is still unknown. The autism (sometimes called “classical autism”) is the m...

Individuals with autistic disorders need to always be trained in terms of self-care by themselves. The purpose this study was increase autonomy children autism, namely bathing, dressing and brushing their teeth. This research uses a qualitative case approach one subject. Collecting data using interview, observation Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST). intervention carried out the positive rei...

BACKGROUND Both the use of antidepressant medication during pregnancy and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder have increased during recent years. A causal link has recently been suggested, but the association may be confounded by the underlying indication for antidepressant use. We investigated the association between maternal use of antidepressant medication in pregnancy and autism, con...