The bumper beam is a crucial component of the automobile system, responsible for absorbing impact energy and enhancing safety passengers during collisions. This paper presents design experimental analysis 3D-printed composite–plastic hybrid light structure, designed as collapsible absorber. Exploratory testing was conducted using low-impact tests to investigate failure mechanism absorption capa...

This paper studies free vibration of functionally graded beams Subjected to Axial Load that is simply supported at both ends lies on a continuous elastic foundation. The displacement field of beam is assumed based on Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory. The Young's modulus of beam is assumed to be graded continuously across the beam thickness. Applying the Hamilton's principle, the governing equati...