In this paper, we examine the levels of care which would be chosen by a monopolistic manufacturer and competitive retailer, when both the manufacturer and retailer can affect the probability of an accident and when the manufacturer cannot observe ex ante the care chosen by the retailer. We show that if retailer bankruptcy is not possible, retailer liability is superior to manufacturer liability...

a reproducing kernel hilbert space restricts the space of functions to smooth functions and has structure for function approximation and some aspects in learning theory. in this paper, the solution of an integral equation of the third kind is constructed analytically using a new method. the analytical solution is represented in the form of series in the reproducing kernel space. some numerical ...

Utilitarian and economic theories of deterrence hold that the relation of the penalty to the misdeed should be irrelevant. In five experiments using hypothetical cases, judgments of penalties depended on whether this relation was in-kind (IK) or out-of-kind (OK). When victims were identifiable, IK penalties were higher than OK and preferred to OK. Subjects seemed to confuse penalties and compen...

materials and methods the expression of hyaluronidase antigenic fragments was optimized using iptg concentration, time of induction, temperature, culture, and absorbance of 0.6-0.8-1 at 600 nm. afterwards, the expressed proteins were purified and the enzymatic activity was assessed by turbid metric method. results data indicated that maximum protein is produced in od = 0.8, 0.5 mm isopropyl β-d...

background: recent studies have shown that physical activity is an effective factor in improving sleep quality. therefore, this study aimed to compare the sleep quality of athlete and non-athlete pregnant women. methods: this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was performed on 300 pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy, referred to prenatal care unit of amiralmomenin hospit...

the combination of graphene and nickel oxide nanoparticles yields nanostructured electrochemical sensor formed a novel kind of structurally uniform and electrocatalytic activity material. in cyclic voltammetry studies, in the presence of epinephrine, nickel oxide / graphene  composite modified electrode shows a significantly higher current response for epinephrine oxidation. based on differenti...